Fig. 4

Oral administration of IIAEK affected lipid metabolism pathways in the mouse duodenum and jejunum. Seven-week-old wild-type (WT) and IAP-knockout (IAP-KO) (Akp3^-/-) mice were orally administered the pentapeptide IIAEK (Ile-Ile-Ala-Glu-Lys) (600 mg/kg B.W./d) once a day for 14 d. After fasting for 8 h, the duodenum and jejunum were collected from the mice for DNA microarray analysis. Venn diagram of the upregulated transcripts in the duodenum and jejunum of WT mice administered IIAEK (a; red) and IAP-KO mice administered IIAEK (g; yellow). Heatmap of upregulated transcripts in the duodenum and jejunum of WT mice administered IIAEK (b, c) or the duodenum and jejunum of IAP-KO mice administered IIAEK (h, i). Wikipathway analysis of the shared transcripts in the duodenum and jejunum of WT mice administered IIAEK (d; red) or IAP-KO mice administered IIAEK (j; yellow). Wikipathway analysis of the upregulated transcripts in the duodenum and jejunum of WT mice administered IIAEK (e, f; red) or the duodenum and jejunum of IAP-KO mice administered IIAEK (k, l; yellow). (a–l) n = 3/group, Fold change ≥ 1.2. Statistical significance was calculated using a nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05) between WT mice, Control (WC) and WT mice, IIAEK (WI) or between IAP-KO mice, Control (KOC) and IAP-KO mice, IIAEK (KOI).