Table 1 Demographics of study participants.

From: Age-related variations in trunk muscle activation and kinematics during lifting in chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study

 

Age<40 (n = 44;

20 no-BP,

24 cLBP)

Age>40 (n = 58;

22 no-BP,

36 cLBP)

P-value

no-BP

(n = 42;

20 Age<40,

22 Age>40)

cLBP

(n = 60;

24 Age<40,

36 Age>40)

P-value

Sex(F/M)

20/24

31/27

 

22/20

29/31

 

Years

31.14 ± 4.99

51.38 ± 7.31

< 0.01

41.86 ± 13.23

43.41 ± 10.97

0.52

Height (m)

1.76 ± 0.10

1.74 ± 0.10

0.30

1.73 ± 0.09

1.76 ± 0.10

0.61

Weight (kg)

71.67 ± 12.39

70.87 ± 10.66

0.73

70.52 ± 11.00

71.70 ± 11.71

0.18

BMI (kg/m²)

23.04 ± 2.70

23.34 ± 1.97

0.52

23.43 ± 2.39

23.06 ± 2.26

0.42

Pain Intensity

0.91 ± 1.70

1.53 ± 1.93

0.13

-

2.15 ± 2.04

-

RMDQ (0–24)

3.20 ± 3.90

4.45 ± 4.31

0.14

-

6.17 ± 3.85

-

TSK (11–44)

13.23 ± 11.52

14.21 ± 10.00

0.65

-

20.92 ± 5.70

-

FABQ-PA (scale 0–24)

9.50 ± 5.44

8.38 ± 6.01

0.43

-

9.73 ± 5.61

-

FABQ-w (scale 0–42)

12.46 ± 8.90

8.05 ± 6.95

0.03

-

10.32 ± 7.74

-

Task Time 1

3.92 ± 1.63

4.20 ± 1.12

0.89

3.64 ± 1.29

4.39 ± 1.34

0.01

Task Time 2

4.07 ± 1.47

3.86 ± 1.44

0.32

3.54 ± 1.42

4.25 ± 1.41

0.01

  1. Abbreviations: BMI: Body Mass Index, RMDQ: Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, FABQ-PA: Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire - Physical Activity Subscale, FABQ-w: Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire - Work subscale, Task time 1: The time from standing to lifting the box to hip height in Task 1, Task time 2: The time from standing to lifting the box to hip height in Task 2, cLBP: chronic low back pain, no-BP: no chronic low back pain. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are shown in bold.