Table 4 Key Indicator statistical test Results.

From: The usage of a transformer based and artificial intelligence driven multidimensional feedback system in english writing instruction

Evaluation Dimension

Test Method

Statistic

p-value

Effect Size

Grammar Error Reduction

Mixed-Effects Model

β = -1.24

< 0.001

Cohen’s d = 1.37

Sentence Structure Diversity

Repeated Measures ANOVA

F = 38.6

< 0.001

η² = 0.19

Satisfaction Improvement

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

Z = 6.82

< 0.001

r = 0.53

Vocabulary Richness Change

Paired t-test

t = 5.91

< 0.001

d = 0.46

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