Table 2 Results of linear regressions examining the association of residential nature exposure with brain volume or cognitive function outcomes in the UK biobank.

From: Investigating biological sex as a moderator of the association of nature exposure with brain health: a cross-sectional UK biobank analysis

 

1000 m buffer

(N = 11,448)

300 m buffer

(N = 11,448)

Outcome

β (95% CI)

p-value

β (95% CI)

p-value

Brain volume

    

Total grey matter volume

(head size-adjusted; mm3)

629 (234, 1023)

0.002

642 (286, 997)

< 0.001

Total white matter volume

(head size-adjusted; mm3)

659 (229, 1089)

0.003

527 (140, 914)

0.008

Average hippocampal volume

(head size-adjusted; mm3)

0.39 (−5.47, 6.25)

0.90

−3.76 (−9.04, 0.00)

0.16

Cognitive function

    

Trail-Making Test (B-A; sec)

−0.197 (−0.395, 0.001)

0.05

−0.120 (−0.299, 0.058)

0.19

Symbol Digit Substituton Test

(number of correct matches)

0.106 (0.057, 0.154)

< 0.001

0.049 (0.006, 0.092)

0.03

  1. Residential nature exposure was estimated as the proportion of land cover classified as “natural environment” within 1000-m or 300-m buffers. β represents the increment in the outcome associated with a 10% increment in nature exposure. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, education, income, physical activity, time spent outdoors, smoking status, disability status, Index of Mutliple Deprivation, and population density.
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