Table 1 Comparison between grid-following and grid-forming control modes.

From: Dual-tree wavelet transform based advanced adaptive control for seamless transition in PV-battery hybrid microgrid system

Criteria

Grid-following mode

Grid-forming mode

Controller used

PLL-synchronized Current Controller

Angle-generating voltage controller

Main objective

Inject current as per grid voltage

Generate stable voltage and frequency

Waveform reference

Voltage from Grid (via PLL)

Internally generated voltage reference

Mode behaviour

Follows grid parameters

Establishes system parameters

Application phase

Normal grid-connected operation

During islanded or blackout conditions

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