Table 1 Baseline characteristics and bivariate association between care recipients’ characteristics and care burden.
From: Examining burden among caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in Lebanon
Variables | All (N = 544) | ZBIa Mean (SD) | r b | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | ||||
Age (N = 538) Median (IQR) | 75.5 (15) | 0.06 | 0.185 | |
Gender n (%) | 0.178 | |||
Male | 161 (29.6) | 32.3 (15.8) | ||
Female | 383 (70.4) | 30.8 (17.3) | ||
Educational level n (%) | 0.218 | |||
Illiterate | 242 (44.5) | 32.6 (16.9) | ||
Elementary | 160 (29.4) | 31.4 (17.6) | ||
Intermediate | 80 (14.7) | 27.8 (16.7) | ||
Secondary | 27 (5) | 31 (13.6) | ||
University/postgraduate | 35 (6.4) | 30.1 (16.1) | ||
Care recipient financial status n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Independent | 168 (30.9) | 26.2 (15.5) | ||
Partially dependent on caregiver | 204 (37.5) | 31.2 (16.6) | ||
Totally dependent on caregiver | 172 (31.6) | 36.3 (17.2) | ||
Health status | ||||
Dementia n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Absent | 410 (75.4) | 28.9 (16.2) | ||
Present | 134 (24.6) | 38.5 (16.9) | ||
CVD n (%) | 0.008 | |||
Absent | 224 (41.2) | 29 (16.2) | ||
Present | 320 (58.8) | 32.9 (17.2) | ||
Hypertension n (%) | 0.703 | |||
Absent | 177 (32.5) | 30.7 (17) | ||
Present | 367 (67.5) | 31.5 (16.9) | ||
Diabetes n (%) | 0.044 | |||
Absent | 300 (55.1) | 30.1 (17.5) | ||
Present | 244 (44.9) | 32.6 (16.1) | ||
Chronic musculoskeletal conditions n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Absent | 406 (74.6) | 29.4 (16.6) | ||
Present | 138 (25.4) | 36.7 (16.6) | ||
Cancer (during the past five years) n (%) | 0.746 | |||
Absent | 504 (92.6) | 31.2 (17.1) | ||
Present | 40 (7.4) | 31.4 (14.6) | ||
Bed sores n (%) | 0.040 | |||
Absent | 496 (91.2) | 30.8 (16.9) | ||
Present | 48 (8.8) | 36 (16.7) | ||
Continence n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Complete self-control | 277 (50.9) | 27.8 (15.9) | ||
Partially incontinent | 200 (36.8) | 33.1 (16.7) | ||
Totally incontinent | 67 (12.3) | 40.3 (17.6) | ||
Multiple chronic diseases n (%) | 0.053 | |||
No | 63 (11.6) | 27.6 (17.6) | ||
Yes | 481 (88.4) | 31.7 (16.7) | ||
Functional status | ||||
ADL Median (IQR) | 4 (3.5) | −0.30 | < 0.001 | |
ADF-CS Median (IQR) | 18 (8) | −0.27 | < 0.001 | |
Ability to be left alone n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No, needs constant monitoring | 141(25.9) | 36.6 (18.1) | ||
Yes, but not for more than one hour | 160 (29.4) | 31.6 (15.6) | ||
Yes, can easily be left alone for several hours (or more) | 243(44.7) | 27.9 (16.3) | ||
Ability to integrate with the social environment n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Completely integrated with the surrounding | 299 (55) | 26.5 (15.1) | ||
Has a limited ability to communicate with the surrounding | 215 (39.5) | 36.8 (17.1) | ||
Isolated from the surrounding | 30 (5.5) | 39.4 (18.2) | ||
