Table 2 Baseline characteristics and bivariate association between caregiver demographic characteristics and care burden.
From: Examining burden among caregivers of community-dwelling older adults in Lebanon
Variables | All (N = 544) | ZBIa Mean (SD) | r b | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic factors | ||||
Age (N= 539) Median (IQR) | 40 (15) | 0.107 | 0.013 | |
Gender n (%) | 0.033 | |||
Male | 87 (16) | 27.7 (14.6) | ||
Female | 457 (84) | 31.9 (17.2) | ||
Marital status n (%) | 0.969 | |||
Married | 364 (66.9) | 31.1 (16.9) | ||
Single | 111 (20.4) | 31.6 (17.2) | ||
Divorced | 53 (9.7) | 31.7 (17.9) | ||
Widowed | 16 (2.9) | 31.4 (12.8) | ||
Educational level n (%) | 0.661 | |||
Elementary or lower | 40 (7.4) | 32.1 (17.9) | ||
Intermediate | 141 (25.9) | 31.5 (16.7) | ||
Secondary | 120 (22.1) | 32.7 (18.4) | ||
University | 201 (36.9) | 30.8 (16.2) | ||
Postgraduate | 42 (7.7) | 27.6 (15.8) | ||
Place of residence n (%) | 0.103 | |||
Beirut | 163 (30) | 33.4 (16.4) | ||
Mount Lebanon | 108 (19.9) | 32 (17.7) | ||
North | 43 (7.9) | 29.1(14.7) | ||
Akkar | 12 (2.2) | 36 (15.8) | ||
South | 118 (21.7) | 28.1 (16.3) | ||
Nabatiyeh | 50 (9.2) | 29 (17) | ||
Beqaa | 28 (5.1) | 32.2 (18.6) | ||
Baalbek-Hermel | 22 (4) | 34.5 (20.1) | ||
Living region category n (%) | 0.075 | |||
Urban | 333 (61.2) | 32.1 (16.8) | ||
Rural | 211 (38.8) | 29.9 (16.9) | ||
Living with the care recipient n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 80 (14.7) | 23.9 (15.9) | ||
Yes, sometimes | 154 (28.3) | 29.1 (15) | ||
Yes, always | 310 (57) | 34.2 (17.3) | ||
Caregiver relationship with the care recipient n (%) | 0.012 | |||
Grandchild | 69 (12.7) | 26.9 (18) | ||
Son/daughter | 337 (61.9) | 31 (16.4) | ||
Son/daughter-in-law | 97 (17.8) | 35.3 (17.2) | ||
Spouse | 12 (2.2) | 37.3 (16) | ||
Siblings | 8 (1.5) | 28.1 (19.4) | ||
Others | 21 (3.9) | 29.4 (16.7) | ||
Working status n (%) | 0.055 | |||
Employed | 301 (55.3) | 30.1 (16.8) | ||
Unemployed | 243 (44.7) | 32.7 (16.9) | ||
Working hours n (%) | 0.067 | |||
Part-time | 98 (18) | 32.1 (15) | ||
Full-time | 131 (24.1) | 28.5 (16.5) | ||
Doesn’t apply | 315 (57.9) | 32.2 (17.5) | ||
Being a health care professional n (%) | 0.890 | |||
No | 453 (83.3) | 31.3 (16.8) | ||
Yes | 91 (16.7) | 31.1 (17.3) | ||
Number of dependent children Median (IQR) | 1 (2) | 0.02 | 0.629 | |
Household family monthly income n (%) | 0.011 | |||
< 250 USD | 241 (44.3) | 33.3 (17.2) | ||
250–500 USD | 165 (30.3) | 31.3 (16.3) | ||
500–1000 USD | 87 (16) | 29.2 (16.8) | ||
1000–2000 USD | 38 (7) | 24.3 (16) | ||
> 2000 USD | 13 (2.4) | 27.5 (18) | ||
Financial Wellness (IFDFW) Median (IQR) | 25 (26) | −0.23 | < 0.001 | |
Smoking cigarettes n (%) | 0.580 | |||
Non-smoker | 405 (74.4) | 31 (16.9) | ||
Current smoker | 101 (18.6) | 31.2 (16.5) | ||
Previous smoker | 38 (7) | 34.5 (18.4) | ||
Smoking nargileh n (%) | 0.909 | |||
Non-smoker | 355 (65.3) | 31.3 (17.2) | ||
Current smoker | 142 (26.1) | 31.5 (17) | ||
Previous smoker | 47 (8.6) | 29.9 (14.7) | ||
Sleeping hours n (%) | 0.506 | |||
Less than 7 h | 409 (75.2) | 31.5 (16.8) | ||
7 h or more | 135 (24.8) | 30.4 (17.1) | ||
Exercising regularly n (%) | 0.248 | |||
No | 468 (86) | 31.7 (17.2) | ||
Yes | 76 (14) | 28.6 (14.8) | ||
