Table 3 Factors associated with death within postoperative 1 year stratified by period (n = 1545). Data are presented as odds ratio (95% CI). *p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant after test. ORIF open reduction and internal fixation, PRASG pre-aged society group, POASG post-aged society group, HTN hypertension, DM diabetes mellitus, CRF chronic renal failure, CAD coronary artery disease, CVA cerebrovascular accident, GI gastrointestinal, UGI upper gastrointestinal.

Age

1.03 (0.99, 1.07)

0.075

1.01 (0.96, 1.05)

0.776

1.04 (1.01, 1.08)

0.009*

1.05 (1.01, 1.10)

0.017*

Gender (Male vs. Female)

1.70 (0.91, 3.16)

0.095

1.69 (0.82, 3.50)

0.155

1.87 (1.05, 3.33)

0.035*

1.76 (0.91, 3.41)

0.091

BMI

0.93 (0.85, 1.00)

0.055

0.94 (0.86, 1.02)

0.143

0.94 (0.88, 1.01)

0.106

0.95 (0.89, 1.03)

0.202

Surgical methods

ORIF with CHS

1.67 (0.65, 4.31)

0.290

2.23 (0.77, 6.42)

0.138

2.03 (0.43, 9.56)

0.372

1.51 (0.28, 8.09)

0.631

ORIF with Nail

2.33 (1.06, 5.09)

0.034*

3.42 (1.41, 8.34)

0.007*

1.76 (0.90, 3.44)

0.099

1.98 (0.96, 4.09)

0.063

Hemiarthroplasty

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Waiting period to Surgery (> 48 h vs. ≤ 48 h)

1.90 (0.96, 3.76)

0.064

1.86 (0.86, 4.04)

0.118

0.83 (0.39, 1.74)

0.618

0.59 (0.25, 1.39)

0.225

ASA (III-IV vs. I-II)

1.54 (0.83, 2.87)

0.170

1.36 (0.62, 2.99)

0.438

0.90 (0.49, 1.66)

0.732

0.72 (0.36, 1.44)

0.348

Spinal anesthesia (Yes vs. No)

0.77 (0.39, 1.52)

0.449

0.72 (0.34, 1.53)

0.390

1.03 (0.56, 1.88)

0.931

1.00 (0.51, 1.93)

0.989

Dementia vs. None

1.29 (0.56, 3.01)

0.549

1.38 (0.54, 3.53)

0.507

1.07 (0.49, 2.35)

0.856

0.76 (0.32, 1.82)

0.535

HTN vs. None

1.91 (0.90, 4.05)

0.093

1.37 (0.55, 3.40)

0.499

1.19 (0.62, 2.28)

0.605

0.79 (0.36, 1.73)

0.563

DM vs. None

0.95 (0.50, 1.78)

0.870

0.74 (0.35, 1.60)

0.448

1.31 (0.73, 2.33)

0.367

1.47 (0.73, 2.95)

0.283

Dyslipidemia vs. None

2.02 (1.08, 3.76)

0.027*

1.20 (0.53, 2.75)

0.661

1.68 (0.94, 3.00)

0.078

0.96 (0.47, 1.97)

0.909

Hepatic disease vs. None

2.84 (1.37, 5.89)

0.005*

2.98 (1.26, 7.08)

0.013*

1.29 (0.57, 2.96)

0.541

1.15 (0.45, 2.94)

0.767

CRF vs. None

2.55 (1.33, 4.88)

0.005*

0.97 (0.41, 2.32)

0.952

2.48 (1.37, 4.50)

0.003*

1.59 (0.79, 3.20)

0.194

CAD vs. None

1.52 (0.76, 3.04)

0.239

1.00 (0.45, 2.24)

0.997

2.74 (1.52, 4.94)

0.001*

2.40 (1.20, 4.80)

0.013*

CVA vs. None

1.73 (0.89, 3.37)

0.105

1.48 (0.67, 3.23)

0.329

1.99 (1.11, 3.60)

0.022*

1.86 (0.95, 3.62)

0.069

GI disease vs. None

2.19 (1.17, 4.08)

0.014*

1.35 (0.63, 2.87)

0.440

1.77 (0.99, 3.15)

0.053

1.19 (0.61, 2.32)

0.614

Chronic lung disease vs. None

1.84 (0.95, 3.54)

0.069

1.35 (0.62, 2.93)

0.450

1.09 (0.58, 2.07)

0.782

0.72 (0.35, 1.46)

0.362

In hospital complication

Aspiration pneumonia (Yes vs. No)

10.07 (3.14, 32.25)

< 0.001*

5.85 (1.25, 27.46)

0.025*

7.77 (2.62, 23.04)

< 0.001*

6.06 (1.71, 21.49)

0.005*

Urinary tract infection (Yes vs. No)

2.38 (1.09, 5.20)

0.029*

2.16 (0.87, 5.36)

0.097

1.26 (0.55, 2.89)

0.578

1.04 (0.42, 2.56)

0.927

UGI bleeding (Yes vs. No)

10.67 (4.15, 27.44)

< 0.001*

6.72 (1.93, 23.34)

0.003*

5.63 (2.52, 12.59)

< 0.001*

4.71 (1.96, 11.28)

0.001*