Table 2 Variable definitions and statistics.
From: Predictive model on employee stock ownership impacting corporate performance
Variable name | Variable definition | Sample | Mean | std | median |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESOP_STATUS | Does the company implement a share incentive plan or employee stock ownership plan that covers non-executive employees? If yes, 1, otherwise, 0. | 7536 | 0.046 | 0.209 | 0.000 |
social emotions(negative/positive/neurtal) | The ratio of sentiment value to total sentiment value extracted through large language models. | 23683 | 0.65 | 0.5022 | 1 |
ESOP_RATIO | Percentage of employee ownership of total shares outstanding. | 7536 | 0.044 | 0.231 | 0.000 |
Degree of industrial robot application | Industrial robot penetration indicator (units per 100 people). | 7536 | 0.350 | 0.780 | 0.076 |
Free cash flow | Free cash flow from operating activities / total assets. | 7536 | 0.047 | 0.068 | 0.045 |
Asset intensity | Total assets / revenue. | 7536 | 2.446 | 2.251 | 1.867 |
Book-to-market ratio | Book value to market ratio, total assets / total market value. | 7536 | 0.591 | 0.254 | 0.581 |
Total asset return rate | Net profit / total assets. | 7536 | 0.024 | 0.084 | 0.030 |
Enterprise size | Natural logarithm of total assets. | 7536 | 22.342 | 1.188 | 22.237 |
Capital structure | Debt-to-equity ratio, total liabilities / total assets. | 7536 | 0.434 | 0.203 | 0.423 |
Property rights nature | Is the company a state-owned enterprise? If yes, 1, otherwise, 0. | 7536 | 0.354 | 0.478 | 0.000 |
Executive holding ratio | Amount of shares held by executives / total shares outstanding. | 7536 | 0.104 | 0.165 | 0.004 |
Proportion of independent directors | Number of independent directors / board size. | 7536 | 0.381 | 0.074 | 0.364 |
Years of enterprise listing | Subtract the current year from the year the company went public. | 7536 | 12.909 | 6.427 | 12.000 |
