Table 13 Comparison of parallel model integration with other techniques.

From: Hybrid model integration with explainable AI for brain tumor diagnosis: a unified approach to MRI analysis and prediction

Aspect

Parallel model integration

Feature fusion

Self-attention

mechanism

Computational Cost

Very High

(double models)

Moderate (one pass,

feature-level fusion)

High (attention computation

on features)

Memory Usage

Very High

Moderate

High (attention matrices

consume memory)

Training/Inference Time

Long

Medium

Medium-High

Risk of Overfitting

Medium (redundant

features)

High (if fusion poorly

handled)

Lower (attention focuses

on key areas)

Interpretability

Good (separate

paths)

Lower (mixed feature

space)

Best (attention weights

are explainable)

Scalability to New Data

Medium (needs both

models tuned)

Medium

Better (flexible attention

layer tuning)

Suitability for Clinical Use

Cautiously Good (very

accurate but heavy)

Good (lighter models

possible)

Good (accurate and

interpretable)