Fig. 1
Expression of the genes for the LPA receptor, LPA4 and entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in various types of vascular endothelial cells. (A) Schematic diagram and image showing the formation of luminal structures in 3D cultures of vascular endothelial cells. The endothelial cells are stained with CD31 antibody, and the right image shows formed luminal structures of 3D-cultured HBMECs. Arrows indicate luminal structures. Scale bar, 100 μm. VEGF-A: vascular endothelial growth factor A. (B) Quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression of LPA4, a transmembrane receptor for LPA, in vascular endothelial cells cultured in planar culture (2D) or in three-dimensional culture in collagen gel (3D). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3. **P< 0.01 (C–E) Quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and Nrp1, entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2 infection, in vascular endothelial cells cultured in planar culture (2D) or in three-dimensional culture in collagen gel (3D). The data are expressed as mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
