Table 10 Effect of fault types, fault location, fault inception time and fault resistance for WSCC 9 bus system.
From: Directional protection scheme using impedance approach for transmission lines
The considered conditions | Results | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fault types | Fault location | Resistance (Ω) | Inception Instant (sec) | Z matrix value | Direction result |
AG | F | 1 | 0.156 | -2.4 | F |
AG | R | 20 | 0.156 | 2.8 | R |
CG | F | 100 | 0.183 | -2.9 | F |
BG | R | 60 | 0.166 | 3.4 | R |
ACG | F | 25 | 0.174 | -3.7 | F |
CG | R | 1 | 0.131 | 3.5 | R |
AB | F | 1 | 0.152 | -1.9 | F |
ABG | R | 100 | 0.162 | 2.8 | R |
AC | F | 25 | 0.184 | -2.8 | F |
ACG | R | 15 | 0.198 | 2.7 | R |
ABC | F | 0.5 | 0.169 | -3.5 | F |
BCG | R | 35 | 0.182 | 3.8 | R |
BG | F | 50 | 0.192 | -3.5 | F |
AB | R | 0.1 | 0.171 | 4.1 | R |
ABG | F | 0.5 | 0.191 | -4.2 | F |
BC | R | 1 | 0.175 | 2.7 | R |
BCG | F | 30 | 0.168 | -2.4 | F |
AC | R | 50 | 0.177 | 3.8 | R |
BC | F | 100 | 0.165 | -3.4 | F |
ABCG | R | 100 | 0.183 | 2.8 | R |
ABCG | F | 1 | 0.158 | -3.7 | F |
ABC | R | 0.5 | 0.171 | 4.2 | R |
