Table 11 Influence of different fault parameters (types, fault location, fault time, fault resistance, load angle) for transmission system model equipped with shunt reactors.
From: Directional protection scheme using impedance approach for transmission lines
The considered conditions | Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fault types | Fault position | Resistance (Ω) | Inception Instant (sec) | Load angle of sources (degree) | Z matrix value | Direction result |
AG | Forward | 10 | 0.18 | 5 | -3.2 | Forward |
AG | Reverse | 8 | 0.19 | 10 | 4.5 | Reverse |
CG | Forward | 5 | 0.15 | 8 | -6.2 | Forward |
CG | Reverse | 50 | 0.17 | 9 | 4.9 | Reverse |
ACG | Forward | 11 | 0.14 | 11 | -3.9 | Forward |
ACG | Reverse | 15 | 0.16 | 12 | 5.2 | Reverse |
AB | Forward | 10 | 0.18 | 5 | -6.8 | Forward |
AB | Reverse | 25 | 0.16 | 4 | 4.2 | Reverse |
BC | Forward | 30 | 0.14 | 6 | -3.8 | Forward |
BC | Reverse | 5 | 0.17 | 3 | 5.7 | Reverse |
ABCG | Forward | 1 | 0.15 | 10 | -6.4 | Forward |
ABCG | Reverse | 0 | 0.19 | 12 | 4.9 | Reverse |
ABC | Forward | 9 | 0.16 | 5 | -7.0 | Forward |
ABC | Reverse | 15 | 0.14 | 9 | 3.8 | Reverse |
BC | Forward | 25 | 0.15 | 8 | -5.7 | Forward |
BC | Reverse | 2 | 0.18 | 6 | 4.6 | Reverse |
AC | Forward | 10 | 0.17 | 7 | -5.8 | Forward |
AC | Reverse | 40 | 0.14 | 4 | 6.4 | Reverse |
BCG | Forward | 5 | 0.16 | 6 | -5.7 | Forward |
BCG | Reverse | 30 | 0.18 | 9 | 5.2 | Reverse |
ACG | Forward | 50 | 0.15 | 8 | -4.6 | Forward |
ACG | Reverse | 1 | 0.17 | 10 | 5.0 | Reverse |
