Table 12 Performance assessment of distinctive schemes discussed in the literature.
From: Directional protection scheme using impedance approach for transmission lines
Item ======= Scheme | Technique used | Features calculation | Double/ Single Circuit | HFR | PFC Detect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref.11 | DFT | Pre-fault and fault current | Distribution system | Success | No need |
Ref.12 | LSM | PSC voltage (Superimposed) & PSC current (Superimposed) | Single circuit only | Success | Need |
Ref.23 | DFT | Fundamental components of voltage and current | Single circuit only | Success | Need |
Ref.25 | LSM and VT | Four Indices (Ind1-Ind4) | Double circuit only | Success | Need |
Ref.27 | Component analysis and LSM | (Ind1-Ind3) Three Indices | Double circuit only | Success | Need |
Ref.36 | Component Energy | Current and voltage fundamental components | Distribution system | Success | No need |
Ref.37 | DFT | NSSC current | Single & double circuit2 | Failure | Need |
Ref.38 | DFT | NSSC current and voltage | Single circuit only | Success | Need |
PPS | Samples only | Positive-sequence impedance | Single & double circuit2 | Success | No need |
