Table 3 Influence of different fault parameters (types, fault location, fault time, fault resistance, load angle) for a single circuit line (Scenario 1).
From: Directional protection scheme using impedance approach for transmission lines
The considered conditions | Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fault types | Fault position | Resistance (Ω) | Inception Instant (sec) | Load angle of sources (degree) | Z matrix value | Direction result |
ABCG | Forward | 3 | 0.18 | 11 | -4.3 | Forward |
ABCG | Reverse | 2 | 0.17 | 5 | 6.6 | Reverse |
ABC | Forward | 35 | 0.17 | 9 | -3.9 | Forward |
ABC | Reverse | 40 | 0.16 | 8 | 5.5 | Reverse |
BC | Forward | 16 | 0.15 | 12 | -4.7 | Forward |
BC | Reverse | 16 | 0.15 | 9 | 5.4 | Reverse |
AC | Forward | 20 | 0.13 | 12 | -4.2 | Forward |
AC | Reverse | 25 | 0.16 | 16 | 6.8 | Reverse |
BCG | Forward | 20 | 0.14 | 8 | -3.9 | Forward |
BCG | Reverse | 15 | 0.17 | 10 | 4.5 | Reverse |
ACG | Forward | 35 | 0.17 | 5 | -4.9 | Forward |
ACG | Reverse | 75 | 0.15 | 8 | 4.6 | Reverse |
AB | Forward | 1 | 0.18 | 15 | -4.9 | Forward |
AB | Reverse | 2 | 0.16 | 5 | 5.6 | Reverse |
CG | Forward | 3 | 0.17 | 12 | -4.8 | Forward |
CG | Reverse | 5 | 0.17 | 16 | 4.0 | Reverse |
ABG | Forward | 5 | 0.18 | 4 | -3.6 | Forward |
ABG | Reverse | 5 | 0.15 | 14 | 6.9 | Reverse |
AG | Forward | 20 | 0.15 | 6 | -4.8 | Forward |
AG | Reverse | 75 | 0.17 | 4 | 3.9 | Reverse |
BG | Forward | 5 | 0.14 | 12 | -5.2 | Forward |
BG | Reverse | 5 | 0.18 | 5 | 4.1 | Reverse |
