Table 4 Feature analysis of different models with a proposed model.

Zadeh¹

FS

×

×

Deals uncertainty using MD

Unable to handle NMD

Atanassov⁵

IFS

×

×

Deals uncertainty using MD and NMD

Unable to handle \(\text{MD }+\text{ NMD }> 1\)

Yager⁶

PFS

×

×

Deals uncertainty using MD and NMD

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{2} > 1\)

Peng & Yang⁷

IVPFS

✓

×

Deals uncertainty using MD and NMD intervals

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{2} + {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{2} > 1\)

Cuong¹⁰

PFS

×

✓

Deals uncertainty using MD, Neutral, and NMD

Unable to handle \(\text{MD}+\text{NeuD }+\text{ NMD }> 1\)

Senapati and Yager⁸

FFS

×

×

Deals uncertainty using MD and NMD

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{3} > 1\)

Jeevaraj⁹

IVFFS

✓

×

Deals uncertainty using MD and NMD intervals

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{3} + {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{3} > 1\)

Shanthi³⁷

IVFP

✓

✓

Deals uncertainty using MD, Neutral, and NMD intervals

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{3}+{\left(NeuD\right)}^{3}+ {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{3} > 1\)

Proposed

IVFPFS

✓

✓

Deals uncertainty using MD, Neutral, and NMD intervals

Unable to handle \({\left(\text{MD}\right)}^{3}+{\left(NeuD\right)}^{3}+ {\left(\text{NMD}\right)}^{3} > 1\)