Table 2 Meta-actions and key values.

From: A learning behavior classification model based on classroom meta-action sequences

Meta-action

Key value

Description

Take phone

A1

Student is holding a phone in hand

Take pen and write

A2

Student is holding a pen and writing

Lie on the desk

A3

Student’s head is resting on the desk

Read

A4

Student is reading with head down

Talk

A5

Student is speaking with mouth open

Raise hand

A6

Student has raised their hand

Tidy hair

A7

Student is adjusting or touching their hair

Stand

A8

Student is standing up

Look up and listen

A9

Student lifts their head to look at the teacher or blackboard

Resting head on hand

A10

Student supports their head or chin with hand