Table 2 Individual pupillary response, 6-month outcome, and potential confounding factors. Sun effect: presence of a significant pupillary constriction in response to sun photographs. Categories distinct from sun: control stimulus categories that induced a pupillary diameter variation significantly different from that induced by sun photographs.

From: Pupil constrictions to subjective brightness as a gateway to probe consciousness in non communicating patients

N

Patient

Sun effect

Categories distinct from sun

Outcome

N trials

Abnormal eye movement

Neurotropic drugs

1

VS/UWS

No

0

Death

20

No

VPA, ZNS, PER,

2

VS/UWS

Yes

Scr, mean

Conscious

30

No

LEV, LCM

3

VS/UWS

No

0

Death

39

Horizontal palsy

VPA

4

VS/UWS

No

0

VS/UWS

44

No

Scopolamine

5

VS/UWS

No

0

VS/UWS

30

Bobbing

No

6

VS/UWS

No

0

Death

42

No

LEV

7

MCS−

No

0

MCS-

30

Right-beating nystagmus

LEV, VPA, ZNS, Benzo, LTG

8

MCS−

No

0

Conscious

66

No

GABA

9

MCS−

No

0

Death

30

Left beating nystagmus

LEV, Benzo

10

MCS−

Yes

Mean

MCS

31

Macro-Square-Wave Jerks

No

11

MCS−

Yes

Scr, mean

MCS

36

Bobbing, Horizontal palsy

Scopolamine

12

MCS−

Yes

Moon

Conscious

35

Gaze-evoked nystagmus

LEV, Benzo

13

MCS−

Yes

Mean, moon

Death

21

No

LEV

14

MCS+

Yes

Scr, mean

Death

37

No

GABA

15

MCS+

Yes

Scr, moon, mean

Death

26

No

No

16

MCS+

Yes

Mean

Conscious

22

Left-beating nystagmus

PXT

17

EMCS

Yes

Scr, mean

Conscious

31

No

Amantadine

  1. N Trials: Total number of trials analyzed. Abbreviations: Benzo: Benzodiazepine, GABA: Gabapentin, LCM: Lacosamide, LTG: Lamotrigine, LEV: Levetiracetam, PXT: Paroxetine, PER: Perampanel, Scr: Scrambled sun, VPA: Sodium Valproate, ZNS: Zonisamide.