Table 2 Comparison of clinical characteristics among participants in different geographic regions.
Characteristics | Northern Taiwan (n = 40,170) | Central Taiwan (n = 23,124) | Southern Taiwan (n = 45,643) | Eastern Taiwan (n = 11,487) | ANOVA p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GERD (%) | 14.8 | 14.2 | 11.9*† | 15.6†# | < 0.001 |
Age (year) | 50.8 ± 11.0 | 49.1 ± 11.0* | 49.5 ± 10.8*† | 50.2 ± 10.9*†# | < 0.001 |
Male sex (%) | 36.2 | 37.0 | 34.9*† | 36.6# | < 0.001 |
DM (%) | 9.4 | 9.2 | 9.6 | 10.1† | 0.021 |
Hypertension (%) | 24.2 | 24.9 | 24.1 | 26.3*†# | < 0.001 |
Smoking history (%) | 29.2 | 28.7 | 24.7*† | 27.5*# | < 0.001 |
Alcohol history (%) | 8.3 | 9.1* | 8.1† | 9.2*# | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.4 ± 18.6 | 121.3 ± 19.0* | 119.9 ± 18.6*† | 120.5 ± 18.1*†# | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.3 ± 11.3 | 74.1 ± 11.5* | 73.8 ± 11.5*† | 75.1 ± 10.9*†# | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 ± 3.8 | 24.3 ± 3.8* | 24.2 ± 3.8† | 24.5 ± 3.9*†# | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | |||||
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 96.0 ± 20.6 | 95.5 ± 20.4 | 96.0 ± 20.9† | 96.0 ± 20.7 | 0.029 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 13.8 ± 1.6* | 13.7 ± 1.6† | 13.7 ± 1.6† | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 113.5 ± 91.2 | 114.8 ± 92.9 | 117.3 ± 96.2*† | 117.7 ± 96.9*† | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.3 ± 35.8 | 193.4 ± 35.4* | 196.2 ± 36.0† | 195.3 ± 35.9*† | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 105.0 ± 13.6 | 105.9 ± 14.1* | 105.2 ± 13.9† | 105.1 ± 14.2† | < 0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.36 ± 1.40 | 5.47 ± 1.45* | 5.44 ± 1.43*† | 5.51 ± 1.46*†# | < 0.001 |
WBGT during noon period* | |||||
1-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 26.38 ± 0.77 | 27.40 ± 0.82* | 28.10 ± 0.69*† | 26.68 ± 1.02*†# | < 0.001 |
3-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 26.23 ± 0.81 | 27.23 ± 0.79* | 27.98 ± 0.63*† | 26.44 ± 1.15*†# | < 0.001 |
5-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 26.08 ± 0.80 | 27.10 ± 0.78* | 27.86 ± 0.60*† | 26.23 ± 1.14*†# | < 0.001 |
WBGT during work period* | |||||
1-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 24.83 ± 1.06 | 23.83 ± 0.74* | 25.82 ± 0.78*† | 24.87 ± 1.14*†# | < 0.001 |
3-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 24.76 ± 1.09 | 23.75 ± 0.74* | 25.73 ± 0.72*† | 24.69 ± 1.11*†# | < 0.001 |
5-year average of WBGT (per 1 ℃) | 24.63 ± 1.10 | 23.63 ± 0.76* | 25.61 ± 0.68*† | 24.51 ± 1.10*†# | < 0.001 |