Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants.

From: Association between estimated pulse wave velocity and mortality risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Variables

Total

(n = 2176)

Survival group

(n = 1408)

Mortality group

(n = 768)

P value

Age (year)

69.38 ± 15.75

66.46 ± 15.90

74.72 ± 14.00

< 0.001

Gender, n (%)

0.011

 Female

1096 (50.37)

681 (48.37)

415 (54.04)

 

 Male

1080 (49.63)

727 (51.63)

353 (45.96)

 

Race, n (%)

0.006

 White

1323 (60.80)

881 (62.57)

442 (57.55)

 

 Black

319 (14.66)

209 (14.84)

110 (14.32)

 

 Asian

65 ( 2.99)

42 (2.98)

23 (2.99)

 

 Other

96 ( 4.41)

66 (4.69)

30 (3.91)

 

 Unknown

373 (17.14)

210 (14.91)

163 (21.22)

 

Vital signs

 Heart rate (beats/min)

82 (70, 95)

80 (69, 92)

85 (73, 101)

< 0.001

 MBP (mmHg)

91 (80, 104)

93 (81, 105)

90 (77, 103)

0.006

 ePWV (m/s)

11.05 (8.93, 13.41)

10.46 (8.65, 12.77)

12.36 (9.79, 14.54)

< 0.001

 Respiratory rate (times/min)

18 (16, 22)

18 (15, 22)

19 (16, 23)

< 0.001

 SpO2 (%)

97.20 ± 3.60

97.27 ± 2.97

97.08 ± 4.54

0.261

 Temperature (℃)

36.8 (36.5, 37.1)

36.8 (36.6, 37.1)

36.8 (36.4, 37.1)

0.146

Medical history

 CHF, n (%)

591 (27.16)

309 (21.95)

282 (36.72)

< 0.001

 CPD, n (%)

421 (19.35)

237 (16.83)

184 (23.96)

< 0.001

 Hypertension, n (%)

777 (35.71)

459 (32.60)

318 (41.41)

< 0.001

 Diabetes, n (%)

712 (32.72)

428 (30.4)

284 (36.98)

0.002

 Renal disease, n (%)

415 (19.07)

205 (14.56)

210 (27.34)

< 0.001

Severity scores

 APSIII

38 (28, 51)

34 (25, 45)

47 (35, 61)

< 0.001

 SOFA

3 (2, 5)

2 (1, 4)

4 (2, 7)

< 0.001

 SAPSII

33 (26, 42)

30 (23, 37)

41 (33, 49)

< 0.001

 GCS

14 (11, 15)

14 (12, 15)

14 (10, 15)

< 0.001

 CCI

7 (5, 8)

6 (4, 8)

8 (6, 10)

< 0.001

Laboratory data

 WBC (k/uL)

10.1 (7.7, 13.3)

9.6 (7.5, 12.7)

11.0 (8.0, 14.7)

< 0.001

 Platelet (k/uL)

208 (159, 266)

209 (166, 263)

203 (150, 270)

0.121

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.8 (1, 13.3)

12.2 (10.5, 13.6)

11.0 (9.3, 12.6)

< 0.001

 BUN (mg/dL)

18 (13, 26)

16 (12, 22)

22 (15, 33.25)

< 0.001

 Creatinine (umol/L)

0.9 (0.7, 1.3)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

1.1 (0.8, 1.5)

< 0.001

 Glucose (mg/dL)

123 (101, 157)

116 (99, 146)

133 (109, 177)

< 0.001

 Potassium (mEq/L)

4.10 (3.80, 4.50)

4.10 (3.70, 4.40)

4.20 (3.80, 4.60)

< 0.001

 Sodium (mEq/L)

140 (137, 142)

139 (137, 142)

140 (136, 142)

0.184

 PT (s)

12.9 (11.8, 14.8)

12.6 (11.6, 14.3)

13.5 (12.2, 15.6)

< 0.001

Treatments

 Ventilation, n (%)

1453 (66.77)

847 (60.16)

606 (78.91)

< 0.001

 CRRT, n (%)

80 ( 3.68)

32 (2.27)

48 (6.25)

< 0.001

 Vasopressor, n (%)

649 (29.83)

341 (24.22)

308 (40.1)

< 0.001

 Anticoagulant, n (%)

1711 (78.63)

1093 (77.63)

618 (80.47)

0.122

 Antiplatelet, n (%)

1316 (60.48)

877 (62.29)

439 (57.16)

0.019

 rtPA, n (%)

142 ( 6.53)

89 (6.32)

53 (6.9)

0.601

 Thrombectomy, n (%)

204 ( 9.38)

135 (9.59)

69 (8.98)

0.644

  1. MBP, mean blood pressure; ePWV, estimated pulse wave velocity;SpO2, oxygen saturation; CHF, chronic heart failure; CPD, chronic pulmonary disease; APSIII, acute physiology score III;SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPSII, simplified acute physiology score II; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; WBC, white blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; PT, prothrombin time; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.
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