Table 1 Baseline characteristics before and after propensity score matching of the Non-AKI and Mild-AKI cohorts.

From: Prognostic value of dynamic KDIGO staging in acute kidney injury after acute heart failure: a doubly robust analysis

 

Before matching

After matching

Non-AKI (N = 979)

Mild-AKI (N = 1179)

SMD

Non-AKI (N = 562)

Mild-AKI (N = 562)

SMD

Age (Years)

76.00 [63.00, 85.00]

74.00 [63.00, 84.00]

0.049

76.00 [64.00, 85.00]

75.00 [63.75, 85.00]

0.034

Gender (Female)

480 (49.03%)

520 (44.11%)

0.099

261 (45.31%)

276 (47.92%)

0.052

AHF first (Yes)

207 (21.14%)

230 (19.51%)

0.041

139 (24.13%)

98 (17.01%)

0.177

ICU score

 SOFA score

3.00 [2.00, 4.00]

4.00 [2.00, 6.00]

0.372

4.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 4.00]

0.341

AKI Kidigo

 0

979 (100.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 < 0.001

576 (100.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 < 0.001

 1

0 (0.00%)

1179 (100.00%)

 

0 (0.00%)

576 (100.00%)

 

 2

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 

 3

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 

0 (0.00%)

0 (0.00%)

 

Surgeries and procedures

 CABG

22 (2.25%)

69 (5.85%)

0.184

17 (2.95%)

15 (2.60%)

0.021

 PCI

28 (2.86%)

21 (1.78%)

0.072

13 (2.26%)

16 (2.78%)

0.033

 CRRT

14 (1.43%)

24 (2.04%)

0.046

11 (1.91%)

6 (1.04%)

0.072

 IABP

18 (1.84%)

32 (2.71%)

0.059

15 (2.60%)

8 (1.39%)

0.087

Drug use

 ACEI/ARB

301 (30.75%)

384 (32.57%)

0.039

175 (30.38%)

198 (34.38%)

0.085

 Anticoagulant

816 (83.35%)

1042 (88.38%)

0.145

500 (86.81%)

499 (86.63%)

0.005

 Antiplatelet

612 (62.51%)

863 (73.20%)

0.23

415 (72.05%)

387 (67.19%)

0.106

 β-Blocker

581 (59.35%)

829 (70.31%)

0.231

373 (64.76%)

353 (61.28%)

0.072

 Loop Diuretic

718 (73.34%)

987 (83.72%)

0.255

478 (82.99%)

441 (76.56%)

0.16

 Positive inotropic

116 (11.85%)

193 (16.37%)

0.13

70 (12.15%)

69 (11.98%)

0.005

 Spironolactone

50 (5.11%)

76 (6.45%)

0.057

38 (6.60%)

37 (6.42%)

0.007

 Statin

596 (60.88%)

800 (67.85%)

0.146

379 (65.80%)

376 (65.28%)

0.011

 Vasopressor

214 (21.86%)

437 (37.07%)

0.338

161 (27.95%)

107 (18.58%)

0.223

Comorbidities

 CAD

510 (52.09%)

664 (56.32%)

0.085

322 (55.90%)

309 (53.65%)

0.045

 AFIB

222 (22.68%)

294 (24.94%)

0.053

135 (23.44%)

145 (25.17%)

0.04

 Diabetes

369 (37.69%)

497 (42.15%)

0.091

243 (42.19%)

222 (38.54%)

0.074

 Renal disease

386 (39.43%)

538 (45.63%)

0.126

280 (48.61%)

225 (39.06%)

0.193

 Liver disease

17 (1.74%)

20 (1.70%)

0.003

6 (1.04%)

8 (1.39%)

0.032

 COPD

211 (21.55%)

229 (19.42%)

0.053

132 (22.92%)

116 (20.14%)

0.068

 Stroke

37 (3.78%)

59 (5.00%)

0.06

20 (3.47%)

22 (3.82%)

0.019

 Malignancy

144 (14.71%)

164 (13.91%)

0.023

86 (14.93%)

87 (15.10%)

0.005

Vital signs (1st 24 h)

 MAP (mmHg)

83.00 [73.00, 95.00]

82.00 [72.00, 94.00]

0.049

82.00 [72.00, 93.00]

84.00 [74.00, 94.25]

0.133

 Heart Rate (bpm)

86.00 [74.00, 99.00]

85.00 [75.00, 99.00]

0.033

85.00 [73.00, 97.00]

85.00 [74.00, 98.25]

0.006

 Temperature (℃)

36.61 [36.39, 36.89]

36.61 [36.33, 36.89]

0.045

36.61 [36.33, 36.89]

36.61 [36.39, 36.89]

0.062

Laboratory tests (1st 24 h)

 WBC (109/L)

9.60 [7.20, 13.00]

10.00 [7.40, 13.60]

0.068

9.80 [7.30, 13.70]

9.30 [7.10, 12.70]

0.102

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

10.70 [9.20, 12.50]

10.50 [8.90, 12.10]

0.083

10.40 [9.10, 12.10]

10.70 [9.20, 12.40]

0.109

 Platelet (109/L)

205.00 [159.00, 265.00]

200.00 [153.00, 260.00]

0.086

203.00 [153.00, 260.00]

207.00 [161.75, 265.50]

0.036

 Sodium (mmol/L)

138.00 [135.00, 141.00]

138.00 [134.00, 140.00]

0.092

138.00 [135.00, 140.25]

138.00 [135.75, 141.00]

0.046

 Potassium (mmol/L)

4.20 [3.80, 4.60]

4.20 [3.80, 4.80]

0.125

4.25 [3.80, 4.80]

4.10 [3.80, 4.70]

0.115

 Bicarbonate (mmol/L)

24.00 [21.00, 27.00]

24.00 [21.00, 27.00]

0.034

24.00 [21.00, 28.00]

24.00 [22.00, 27.00]

0.019

 Chloride (mmol/L)

102.00 [98.00, 105.00]

102.00 [97.00, 105.00]

0.072

102.00 [98.00, 105.00]

102.00 [98.00, 106.00]

0.03

 BUN (mg/dL)

26.00 [17.00, 42.00]

29.00 [19.00, 47.00]

0.149

30.00 [20.00, 47.00]

25.00 [17.00, 39.00]

0.256

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

1.20 [0.80, 1.70]

1.30 [1.00, 2.00]

0.193

1.30 [1.00, 2.00]

1.20 [0.88, 1.70]

0.24

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)

54.09 [34.49, 81.34]

48.34 [28.08, 74.40]

0.206

47.16 [28.25, 71.77]

53.19 [35.27, 81.32]

0.245

 BNP (tested)

78 (7.97%)

89 (7.55%)

0.016

41 (7.12%)

42 (7.29%)

0.007

 TNT (tested)

515 (52.60%)

587 (49.79%)

0.056

305 (52.95%)

298 (51.74%)

0.024

 CK-MB (tested)

361 (36.87%)

416 (35.28%)

0.033

1.30 [1.00, 2.00]

1.20 [0.88, 1.70]

0.24

  1. AHF first, Acute heart failure is the first primary diagnosis; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; PCI, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention; CRRT, Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy; IABP, Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump; ACEI/ARB: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker; CAD, Coronary Artery Disease; AFIB, Atrial Fibrillation; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; MAP, Mean Arterial Pressure; WBC, White Blood Cell; BUN, Blood Urea Nitrogen; TNT, Troponin T; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase-Muscle/Brain; eGFR, Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate; CK-MB, Creatine Kinase-MB. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation) or median [Q1, Q3] for continuous variables and number (percentage) for categorical variables. Variables in bold have p-value < 0.05.
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