Fig. 4
From: Ultra-broadband actively tunable terahertz modulator based on multi-stacked metamaterial
Dynamic and long-term stability of the VO₂-based flexible metamaterial (MM). (a) Time-resolved transmission at 1.1 THz under periodic 2.5 A, 6 s current pulses, showing repeatable modulation. (b) Schematic of the MM placed on a heating control element; inset shows the micro ceramic heater. (c) Transmission spectra at 50 °C and 90 °C after fabrication and 1 year later, confirming stable performance over time.
