Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to their glucose regulation status and cystatin C levels.

From: Associations of cystatin C with incident chronic kidney disease and all-cause mortality in patients with normal glucose tolerance and prediabetes

Variables

All

Glucose regulation status

P

Cystatin C

P

NGT

Prediabetes

< median

≥ median

Number of participants

146

72

74

 

73

73

 

Age, years

58.8 ± 10.4

57.0 ± 9.9

60.6 ± 10.6

0.035

57.6 ± 10.9

60.1 ± 9.8

0.145

Male, n (%)

121 (82.9)

59 (81.9)

62 (83.8)

0.768

57 (78.1)

64 (87.7)

0.124

Body mass index, kg/m2

26.4 ± 3.6

26.1 ± 3.6

26.6 ± 3.6

0.401

25.8 ± 3.8

26.9 ± 3.4

0.063

Systolic BP, mm Hg

125.8 ± 16.1

123.0 ± 17.4

128.4 ± 14.2

0.042

124.4 ± 16.0

127.1 ± 16.1

0.312

Diastolic BP, mm Hg

74.5 ± 10.6

72.8 ± 11.1

76.2 ± 10.0

0.047

72.8 ± 11.6

76.2 ± 9.3

0.057

Smoking, n (%)

31 (21.2)

19 (26.4)

12 (16.2)

0.133

15 (20.5)

16 (21.9)

0.840

Hypertension, n (%)

131 (89.7)

60 (83.3)

71 (95.9)

0.012

65 (89.0)

66 (90.4)

0.785

Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL

92.9 ± 8.8

88.8 ± 6.0

96.8 ± 9.4

< 0.001

93.1 ± 6.6

92.7 ± 10.7

0.794

2-h plasma glucose, mg/dL

136.6 ± 34.4

110.4 ± 20.1

162.1 ± 24.8

< 0.001

127.2 ± 31.2

146.0 ± 35.0

0.001

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

188.5 ± 33.9

193.6 ± 35.7

183.5 ± 31.4

0.077

189.3 ± 33.4

188.5 ± 36.7

0.995

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

122.0 ± 31.5

126.9 ± 33.7

117.3 ± 28.7

0.067

119.8 ± 31.4

124.9 ± 32.6

0.267

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

47.3 ± 13.5

46.8 ± 13.0

47.7 ± 14.0

0.672

48.2 ± 14.3

45.6 ± 12.2

0.168

Triglyceride, mg/dL

145.3 ± 83.3

145.7 ± 84.1

144.9 ± 83.1

0.954

149.8 ± 85.7

142.1 ± 80.2

0.646

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

91.0 ± 14.3

92.5 ± 15.3

89.6 ± 13.3

0.225

91.2 ± 16.0

90.1 ± 12.3

0.466

UACR, mg/g

14.1 ± 60.7

10.4 ± 21.7

17.7 ± 82.7

0.470

18.1 ± 71.9

18.3 ± 83.7

0.403

Albuminuria (≥ 30 mg/g), n (%)

6 (4.1)

4 (5.6)

2 (2.7)

0.385

4 (5.5)

2 (2.7)

0.404

Cystatin C, ng/mL

564 ± 324

500 ± 321

627 ± 316

0.017

296 ± 230

831 ± 123

< 0.001

Statin, N (%)

24 (16.4)

15 (20.8)

9 (12.2)

0.158

13 (17.8)

11 (15.1)

0.655

ACEI or ARB, n (%)

71 (48.6)

33 (45.8)

38 (51.4)

0.505

31 (42.5)

40 (54.8)

0.136

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SD or numbers (percentages).NGT normal glucose tolerance, BP blood pressure, LDL low-density lipoprotein, HDL high-density lipoprotein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR urine albumin to creatinine ratio, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker.
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