Fig. 1

Morphological identification of An. stephensi in Gayi, Niger Republic and sampling site characteristics. (a). sample of An. stephensi suspect showing characteristic maxillary palpus with the two broad apical bands, indicated by the white arrows; (b). An. stephensi suspect showing the second major dark area on wing vein 1, characterized by two pales interruptions, indicated by the white arrows; (c). comparison of body sizes between An. gambiae and An. stephensi from Gayi; (d)., (e). and (f). examples of domestic animal pen, mud housing structures and mud bricks making site near a pond, highlighting the environmental features of Gayi.