Figure 4

Temperature distribution: (A) the temperature distribution of a cell undergoing thermal failure, (B) the temperature distribution of a cell using LIFC as the cathode material, (C) the temperature distribution showing the extent of thermal damage to a LIB under various heat powers, and (D) the temperature distribution that demonstrate thermal harm to the cell when heated in a longitudinal manner along a 20 mm strip starting from the bottom, under changes in heat power.