Table 1 Analysis of existing intuitionistic fuzzy similarity measures.

Hong and Kim²⁷

Based on Chen’s²⁸

similarity measure for

Vague sets

Counter-intuitive outcomes

-

Dengfeng and Chuntian²⁹

Modification in Hong and

Kim’s similarity measure

Counter-intuitive outcomes

and violation of similarity

axioms

Pattern recognition

Mitchell³⁰

Updated version of Dengfeng

and Chuntian similarity

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Provided axiomatic definition

for IFSM

Hung and Yang³¹

Similarity measures based on

\(L_P\) metric space

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Pattern recognition

Wang and Xin³²

Complement of the distance

measure defined by taking a

linear combination of distance

measures of Atanassov³³

and Grzegorzewski³⁴

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Pattern recognition

Hung and Yang³⁵

Extended fuzzy sets similarity

measures of Pappis and

Karacapilidis³⁶

to IFSs

Counter-intuitive and

unreasonable outcomes

Evaluation of answerscripts

of the students

Vlachos and Sergiadis³⁷

Similarity measure using

Cross entropy based

discrimination measure

Counter-intuitive outcomes,

violation of similarity axioms

and zero denominator

Pattern recognition and image

segmentation

Yang and Chiclana³⁸

Spherical distance based

similarity measure

Counter-intuitive and

unreasonable outcomes

Decision making of mechanical

design schemes

Ye³⁹

Cosine Similarity measure

Counter-intuitive outcomes,

violation of similarity axioms

and zero denominator

Pattern recognition

Boran and Akay⁴⁰

Triangular fuzzy number

based similarity

Counter-intuitive and

unreasonable outcomes

Pattern recognition

Ye⁴¹

Cosine similarity measures

and weighted cosine

similarity measures

Counter-intuitive and

unreasonable outcomes

Pattern recognition

Xiao⁴²

Probabilistic divergence

based similarity measure

Counter-intuitive outcomes,

violation of similarity axioms

and zero denominator

Pattern recognition

Mahanta and Panda⁴³

Canberra distance based

IFSM for highly hesitant IFS

Counter-intuitive outcomes,

violation of similarity axioms

and zero denominator

Selection of face mask in

COVID-19 and pattern recognition

Patel et al.⁴⁴

K-L divergence based

distance and similarity measures

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Pattern recognition and

medical diagnosis problem

Gohain et al.⁴⁵

Cross evaluation factor based

distance and similarity

measures

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Pattern recognition and

clustering problems

Zeng et al.⁴⁶

Similarity by taking into

account the differences in

membership & nonmembership,

and exponential distance

Counter-intuitive outcomes

Pattern recognition

Patel et al.⁶

Csiszar-f-divergence based

distance and similarity

Counter-intuitive outcomes,

violation of similarity axioms

Medical waste management

treatment technique selection

Jiang et al.³

Triangular fuzzy number

based similarity measure

Counter-intuitive and

unreasonable outcomes

Multimodal medical image

fusion method

Dutta et al.⁴⁷

Benchmark line and cross-

evaluation factor based

similarity measure

Counter-intuitive or

unreasonable outcomes

Pattern recognition problem