Table 1 Characteristics of participants and prevalence of smartphone addiction.
Variables | Total | Smartphone addiction | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | p value | ||
Gender | < 0.001 | |||
Boys | 11,835 (50.4) | 2824 (23.9) | 9011 (76.1) | |
Girls | 11,643 (49.6) | 3253 (27.9) | 8390 (72.1) | |
Residence | < 0.001 | |||
Urban | 12,928 (55.1) | 3029 (23.4) | 9899 (76.6) | |
Rural | 10,550 (44.9) | 3048 (28.9) | 7502 (71.1) | |
High school type | < 0.001 | |||
Junior | 12,087 (51.5) | 2351 (19.5) | 9735 (80.5) | |
Senior | 11,392 (48.5) | 3726 (32.7) | 7666 (67.3) | |
Family construction | < 0.001 | |||
Two biological parents | 19,070 (81.2) | 4718 (24.7) | 14,352 (75.3) | |
Single biological parent | 2775 (11.8) | 846 (30.5) | 1929 (69.5) | |
Others | 1633 (7.0) | 513 (31.4) | 1120 (68.6) | |
Father’s education | < 0.001 | |||
Primary school or less | 2225 (9.5) | 713 (32.0) | 1512 (68.0) | |
Junior high school | 9440 (40.2) | 2464 (26.1) | 6976 (73.9) | |
Senior high school | 6715 (28.6) | 1687 (25.1) | 5028 (74.9) | |
College or more | 5098 (21.7) | 1213 (23.8) | 3885 (76.2) | |
Mother’s education | < 0.001 | |||
Primary school or less | 3965 (16.9) | 1169 (29.5) | 2796 (70.5) | |
Junior high school | 9467 (40.3) | 2445 (25.8) | 7022 (74.2) | |
Senior high school | 5903 (25.1) | 1521 (25.8) | 4382 (74.2) | |
College or more | 4143 (17.6) | 942 (22.7) | 3201 (77.3) | |
Family income (RMB) | < 0.001 | |||
More than 8000 | 5292 (22.5) | 1238 (23.4) | 4054 (76.6) | |
6000–8000 | 4315 (18.4) | 1069 (24.8) | 3246 (75.2) | |
4000–5999 | 6357 (27.1) | 1625 (25.6) | 4732 (74.4) | |
2000–3999 | 4996 (21.3) | 1400 (28.0) | 3596 (72.0) | |
Less than 2000 | 2518 (10.7) | 745 (29.6) | 1773 (70.4) | |
Screen duration (min.) | < 0.001 | |||
Less than 30 | 7186 (30.6) | 1266 (17.6) | 5920 (82.4) | |
30–60 | 7568 (32.2) | 1566 (20.7) | 6002 (79.3) | |
61–120 | 4958 (21.1) | 1472 (29.7) | 3486 (70.3) | |
More than 120 | 3766 (16.0) | 1773 (47.1) | 1993 (52.9) | |
Physical activity duration (min.) | < 0.001 | |||
Less than 30 | 10,130 (43.1) | 3250 (32.1) | 6880 (67.9) | |
30–60 | 9254 (39.4) | 1956 (21.1) | 7298 (78.9) | |
More than 60 | 4094 (17.4) | 871 (21.3) | 3223 (78.7) | |
Age, M (SD) | 15.00 (1.63) | 15.41 (1.51) | 14.86 (1.64) | < 0.001 |
Childhood maltreatment | ||||
Physical abuse, M (SD) | 5.75 (1.85) | 6.01 (2.16) | 5.66 (1.71) | < 0.001 |
Emotional abuse, M (SD) | 6.78 (2.58) | 7.65 (3.07) | 6.48 (2.30) | < 0.001 |
Sexual abuse, M (SD) | 5.32 (1.42) | 5.48 (1.71) | 5.26 (1.29) | < 0.001 |
Physical neglect, M (SD) | 7.52 (2.92) | 7.92 (3.05) | 7.38 (2.86) | < 0.001 |
Emotional neglect, M (SD) | 9.12 (4.57) | 10.05 (4.75) | 8.79 (4.46) | < 0.001 |
