Table 7 Performance evaluation of covariance estimation methods using financial metrics. Daily data benchmark test simulation results.

From: Application of regularized covariance matrices in logistic regression and portfolio optimization

Evaluation index

Estimation methods

Sample covariance

Ledoit-Wolf

Aggregation

ASRM

Nonlinear-shrinkage

Total revenue

\(-9.3 \times 10^{-8}\)

\(8.3 \times 10^{-3}\)

\(7.7 \times 10^{-3}\)

\(7.5 \times 10^{-3}\)

\(-0.2 \times 10^{0}\)

Portfolio risk (S.D.)

\(7.6 \times 10^{-9}\)

\(3.9 \times 10^{-4}\)

\(3.4 \times 10^{-4}\)

\(3.5 \times 10^{-4}\)

\(4.8 \times 10^{-9}\)

Sharpe Ratio

\(-12.317\)

21.321

1.739

21.183

\(-41426330.161\)

Max Drawdown

\(-1.203 \times 10^{-7}\)

\(-0.00435\)

\(-0.0146\)

\(-0.0179\)

\(-0.250\)