Fig. 5
Effect of neurodevelopment on human brain organoids treated with haloperidol and valproic acid (a) Protein expression levels of Notch1 were visualized and quantified using immunoblotting. Notch1 expression levels were normalized to β-actin in brain organoids treated with HAL and VPA at 63 d. Values represent mean ± IQR (n = 5). (b) Light micrographs of brain organoids treated with HAL and VPA from 35 d – 63 d. Scale bars, 200 μm. (c) The size for brain organoids treated with 1 µM HAL and 300 µM VPA from 35 d – 63 d was quantified using surface area and diameter measurements. Values represent mean ± IQR (n > = 6). (d) The size for brain organoids treated with 3 µM HAL and 300 µM VPA from 35 d – 63 d was quantified using surface area and diameter measurements. Values represent mean ± IQR (n ≥ 6). (e) Immunostaining for DAPI (blue), SOX2 (red) and TUJ1 (green) of brain organoids treated with HAL and VPA at 63 d. Scale bars, 50 μm. (f) Quantification of the thickness of VZ-like regions and neuronal layers of organoids treated with 1 µM HAL and 300 µM VPA on 63 d. Values represent mean ± IQR (n = 5 cortical structures from three organoids). (g) Quantification of the thickness of VZ-like regions and neuronal layers of organoids treated with 3 µM HAL and 300 µM VPA on 63 d. Values represent mean ± IQR (n = 5 cortical structures from three organoids). ns; non-significant. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.005 ∗∗∗p < 0.0001.
