Table 1 GPP observation site information.

From: GPP estimation based on CatBoost and analysis of change driving factors in Shanxi Province, China

Site name (code)

Latitude (\(^{\circ }\)N)

Longitude (\(^{\circ }\)E)

Vegetation type

Period

Country

Qianyanzhou (CN-Qia)

26.74

115.06

Evergreen needleleaf forest

2003–2010

China

Dinghushan (CN-Din)

23.17

112.53

Evergreen broadleaf forest

2003–2010

China

Xishuangbanna (CN-XSBN)

21.93

101.27

Evergreen broadleaf forest

2003–2010

China

Moshiri birch forest site (JP-MBF)

44.39

142.32

Deciduous broadleaf forest

2003–2005

Japan

Changbaishan (CN-Cha)

42.40

128.10

Mixed forest

2003–2010

China

Seto mixed forest site (JP-SMF)

35.26

137.08

Mixed forest

2002–2006

Japan

Haibei Alpine shrubland (CN-HBSH)

37.67

101.33

Grassland

2003–2010

China

Changlin (CN-Cng)

44.59

123.51

Grassland

2007–2010

China

Haibei Alpine meadow (CN-HaM)

37.37

101.18

Grassland

2002–2004

China

Duolun (CN-Du3)

42.06

116.28

Grassland

2009–2010

China

Dangxiong (CN-Dan)

30.50

91.07

Grassland

2004–2010

China

Inner Mongolia (CN-NMG)

43.33

116.40

Grassland

2004–2010

China

Haibei Wetland (CN-HBSW)

37.61

101.33

Grassland

2004–2009

China

Yucheng (CN-YC)

36.83

116.57

Farmland

2003–2010

China