Table 5 Results of multiple regression analyses between right diaphragm parameters and muscle parameters.

From: Association between diaphragm excursion and whole-body muscle mass in older adults: an observational study

Explanatory variable

Outcome variable: ASM

Coef

[95% CI]

p value

Coef

[95% CI]

p value

Coef

[95% CI]

p value

Thickness (FRC) [mm] a

0.19

[–0.42, 0.80]

0.534

      

Thickening fraction [%] b

   

0.00

[–0.01, 0.01]

0.891

   

Diaphragm excursion [mm] c

      

0.04

[0.01, 0.07]

0.004*

Age

0.01

[–0.05, 0.06]

0.781

0.01

[–0.05, 0.06]

0.748

0.01

[–0.05, 0.06]

0.818

Sex [reference: male]

–2.05

[–3.13, − 0.98]

< 0.001*

−2.10

[–3.14, − 0.99]

< 0.001*

–2.00

[–3.03, − 0.91]

< 0.001*

Height [cm]

0.29

[0.23, 0.36]

< 0.001*

0.30

[0.23, 0.36]

< 0.001*

0.28

[0.21, 0.34]

< 0.001*

adjusted R-squared value

0.77

  

0.77

  

0.78

  
 

Outcome variable: TMM

Thickness (FRC) [mm] a

0.62

[–0.04, 1.27]

0.064

      

Thickening fraction [%] b

   

0.00

[–0.01, 0.01]

0.716

   

Diaphragm excursion [mm] c

      

0.05

[0.02, 0.08]

< 0.001*

Age

–0.04

[–0.10, 0.02]

0.145

–0.041

[–0.10, 0.02]

0.172

–0.05

[–0.10, 0.01]

0.116

Sex [reference: male]

–2.05

[–3.20, − 0.89]

0.001*

–2.012

[–3.17, − 0.85]

0.001*

–1.81

[–2.89, − 0.74]

0.001*

Height [cm]

0.22

[0.15, 0.29]

< 0.001*

0.23

[0.16, 0.30]

< 0.001*

0.20

[0.13, 0.26]

< 0.001*

adjusted R-squared value

0.67

  

0.67

  

0.71

  
 

Outcome variable: SMM

Thickness (FRC) [mm] a

0.39

[–0.33, 1.11]

0.285

      

Thickening fraction [%] b

   

0.00

[− 0.01, 0.01]

0.848

   

Diaphragm excursion [mm] c

      

0.05

[0.02, 0.08]

0.003*

Age

−0.01

[− 0.07, 0.06]

0.824

–0.01

[–0.07, 0.06]

0.867

−0.01

[− 0.08, 0.05]

0.735

Sex [reference: male]

–2.29

[–3.56, − 1.02]

0.001*

–2.28

[–3.55, − 1.01]

0.001*

−2.20

[–3.44, − 0.95]

0.001*

Height [cm]

0.33

[0.25, 0.40]

< 0.001*

0.34

[0.26, 0.41]

< 0.001*

0.30

[0.22, 0.38]

< 0.001*

adjusted R-squared value

0.75

  

0.75

  

0.76

  
 

Outcome variable: SMI

Thickness (FRC) [mm] a

0.12

[–0.10, 0.33]

0.288

      

Thickening fraction [%] b

   

0.00

[0.00, 0.00]

0.505

   

Diaphragm excursion [mm] c

      

0.01

[0.01, 0.02]

0.002*

Age

0.00

[–0.02, 0.02]

0.756

0.00

[–0.02, 0.02]

0.723

0.00

[–0.01, 0.02]

0.614

Sex [reference: male]

–0.73

[–1.11, − 0.34]

< 0.001*

–0.72

[–1.10, − 0.34]

< 0.001*

–0.65

[–1.02, − 0.28]

0.001*

Height [cm]

0.04

[0.02, 0.07]

< 0.001*

0.05

[0.03, 0.07]

< 0.001*

0.04

[0.02, 0.07]

< 0.001*

adjusted R-squared value

0.53

  

0.54

  

0.58

  
  1. CI, confidence interval; coef, coefficient; ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle mass; TMM, trunk muscle mass; SMM, skeletal muscle mass; SMI, skeletal muscle index; FRC, functional residual capacity.
  2. an = 110, bn = 108, cn = 103. *p < 0.05.
Back to article page