Table 3 Changes in rate of torque development for knee extension over the study period.
Measures | Groups | Intervention | Follow-up | Time Effect | Interaction effect Within groups | Interaction effect Between groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M0 Pre | M1 Post | M2 6-Month | M3 12-Month | |||||
Extension | Dominant Side | ||||||||
RTDPEAK (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 197.67 ± 56.96 | 261.81 ± 71.73 | 262.18 ± 79.32 | 256.12 ± 87.04 | F = 19.485¥ p < 0.001 η²p=0.364§ | F = 0.147¥ p = 0.886 η²p=0.004 | F = 1.332 p = 0.257 η²p=0.038# |
MVAG a, b,c | 221.33 ± 98.82 | 292.45 ± 106.29 | 289.95 ± 92.09 | 293.49 ± 99.72 | ||||
RTD0–30 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b | 192.23 ± 58.56 | 261.81 ± 71.73 | 262.18 ± 79.32 | 245.61 ± 85.41 | F = 14.796 p < 0.001 η²p=0.303§ | F = 0.623 p = 0.602 η²p=0.018# | F = 1.390 p = 0.247 η²p=0.039# |
MVAG a, b,c | 221.33 ± 98.82 | 292.45 ± 106.29 | 277.15 ± 114.16 | 293.49 ± 99.72 | ||||
RTD0–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, e | 125.46 ± 47.77 | 149.16 ± 45.65 | 127.37 ± 42.77 | 133.10 ± 48.53 | F = 4.330¥ p = 0.013 η²p=0.113* | F = 0.735¥ p = 0.498 η²p=0.021# | F = 0.390 p = 0.582 η²p=0.009 |
MVAG | 133.41 ± 47.82 | 147.61 ± 44.00 | 138.00 ± 56.69 | 148.06 ± 49.19 | ||||
RTD0−80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 86.28 ± 35.56 | 93.55 ± 32.56 | 76.80 ± 29.47 | 83.81 ± 34.77 | F = 5.239¥ p = 0.004 η²p=0.134* | F = 0.116¥ p = 0.922 η²p=0.003 | F = 0.007 p = 0.935 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG | 86.75 ± 25.13 | 95.41 ± 33.24 | 73.52 ± 40.96 | 81.48 ± 43.63 | ||||
RTD30–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG b, d | 60.39 ± 69.95 | 38.88 ± 41.44 | −4.62 ± 48.79 | 23.45 ± 92.83 | F = 9.243 p < 0.001 η²p=0.214§ | F = 0.662 p = 0.577 η²p=0.019# | F = 0.784 p = 0.382 η²p=0.023# |
MVAG | 47.72 ± 30.99 | 15.45 ± 50.47 | 1.09 ± 42.30 | 5.80 ± 41.72 | ||||
RTD30–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG b | 24.44 ± 48.15 | −5.09 ± 36.68 | −29.04 ± 40.17 | −10.87 ± 65.15 | F = 10.333 p < 0.001 η²p=0.233§ | F = 0.283 p = 0.838 η²p=0.008 | F = 2.661 p = 0.112 η²p=0.073* |
MVAG b, c | 8.13 ± 36.72 | −21.10 ± 50.73 | −46.36 ± 75.01 | −42.85 ± 61.43 | ||||
RTD60–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | −29.53 ± 43.07 | −71.06 ± 59.79 | −76.14 ± 58.93 | −62.87 ± 52.49 | F = 5.180¥ p = 0.006 η²p=0.132* | F = 0.896¥ p = 0.423 η²p=0.026# | F = 2.703 p = 0.109 η²p=0.074* |
MVAG | −51.06 ± 67.29 | −76.36 ± 63.93 | −116.91 ± 145.41 | −115.03 ± 105.85 | ||||
Extension | Non-dominant Side | ||||||||
RTDPEAK (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 211.42 ± 59.59 | 295.53 ± 75.33 | 276.59 ± 83.16 | 276.79 ± 75.55 | F = 28.996 p < 0.001 η²p=0.460§ | F = 1.798 p = 0.152 η²p=0.050# | F = 0.001 p = 0.995 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG a, b,c | 225.88 ± 108.80 | 281.66 ± 92.12 | 263.19 ± 92.05 | 290.23 ± 94.22 | ||||
RTD0–30 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 211.17 ± 60.08 | 295.53 ± 75.33 | 276.59 ± 83.16 | 276.78 ± 75.55 | F = 29.059 p < 0.001 η²p=0.461§ | F = 1.812 p = 0.150 η²p=0.051# | F = 0.001 p = 0.993 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG a, b,c | 225.88 ± 108.80 | 281.66 ± 92.12 | 263.19 ± 92.04 | 290.23 ± 94.22 | ||||
RTD0–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG a | 132.93 ± 26.88 | 156.36 ± 30.52 | 141.56 ± 36.61 | 142.96 ± 45.90 | F = 12.065 p < 0.001 η²p=0.262§ | F = 0.390 p = 0.761 η²p=0.011# | F = 0.039 p = 0.844 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG a, d | 128.63 ± 41.38 | 158.06 ± 54.86 | 134.32 ± 44.61 | 142.70 ± 48.65 | ||||
RTD0−80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 91.43 ± 23.71 | 91.52 ± 32.43 | 79.45 ± 33.77 | 83.92 ± 31.46 | F = 5.429¥ p = 0.004 η²p=0.138* | F = 0.807¥ p = 0.471 η²p=0.023# | F = 0.575 p = 0.454 η²p=0.017# |
MVAG c, e | 89.68 ± 34.16 | 91.19 ± 49.26 | 67.44 ± 35.47 | 69.41 ± 37.45 | ||||
RTD30–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 56.68 ± 35.53 | 20.79 ± 46.68 | 10.76 ± 46.08 | 12.15 ± 37.82 | F = 7.940 p < 0.001 η²p=0.189§ | F = 1.673 p = 0.177 η²p=0.047# | F = 0.559 p = 0.460 η²p=0.016# |
MVAG | 33.23 ± 35.62 | 36.77 ± 43.42 | 7.67 ± 38.22 | −2.12 ± 49.78 | ||||
RTD30–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 21.48 ± 27.75 | −27.76 ± 50.31 | −35.68 ± 60.03 | −29.17 ± 30.62 | F = 14.079 p < 0.001 η²p=0.293§ | F = 1.033 p = 0.381 η²p=0.029# | F = 0.993 p = 0.326 η²p=0.028# |
MVAG b, c | 9.55 ± 17.11 | −20.25 ± 60.55 | −47.58 ± 77.72 | −57.99 ± 57.50 | ||||
RTD60–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG a | −30.89 ± 52.32 | −101.19 ± 72.67 | −105.34 ± 99.43 | −91.71 ± 49.39 | F = 10.529¥ p < 0.001 η²p=0.236* | F = 1.034¥ p = 0.370 η²p=0.030# | F = 0.772 p = 0.386 η²p=0.022# |
MVAG a, b,c | −26.02 ± 33.97 | −104.04 ± 112.82 | −129.09 ± 163.51 | −147.08 ± 121.61 | ||||
