Table 4 Changes in rate of torque development for knee flexion over the study period.
Measures | Groups | Intervention | Follow-up | Time Effect | Interaction effect Within groups | Interaction effect Between groups | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M0 Pre | M1 Post | M2 6-Month | M3 12-Month | |||||
Flexion | Dominant Side | ||||||||
RTDPEAK (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 118.89 ± 63.05 | 159.11 ± 89.35 | 171.48 ± 95.09 | 155.83 ± 79.43 | F = 17.456¥ p < 0.001 η²p=0.339§ | F = 0.070¥ p = 0.950 η²p=0.002 | F = 0.006 p = 0.939 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG a, b,c | 113.96 ± 49.15 | 155.59 ± 54.72 | 171.33 ± 74.67 | 157.43 ± 63.60 | ||||
RTD0–30 (Nm/sec) | LAG b, c | 98.43 ± 27.51 | 130.63 ± 30.64 | 140.89 ± 31.15 | 133.96 ± 40.59 | F = 10.689¥ p < 0.001 η²p=0.239§ | F = 0.418¥ p = 0.666 η²p=0.012# | F = 0.213 p = 0.648 η²p=0.006 |
MVAG b, c | 99.77 ± 69.62 | 128.09 ± 96.62 | 152.56 ± 56.11 | 149.34 ± 57.78 | ||||
RTD0–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG b | 63.72 ± 14.74 | 75.80 ± 15.31 | 80.19 ± 17.80 | 77.58 ± 21.36 | F = 8.706¥ p < 0.001 η²p=0.204§ | F = 0.847¥ p = 0.444 η²p=0.024# | F = 0.270 p = 0.607 η²p=0.008 |
MVAG b, c | 62.53 ± 37.77 | 75.06 ± 48.06 | 87.94 ± 30.65 | 88.29 ± 38.05 | ||||
RTD0−80 (Nm/sec) | LAG b | 51.98 ± 13.09 | 64.23 ± 18.94 | 69.31 ± 17.23 | 64.41 ± 17.15 | F = 11.083 p < 0.001 η²p=0.246§ | F = 0.852 p = 0.469 η²p=0.024# | F = 1.271 p = 0.267 η²p=0.036# |
MVAG b, c | 53.63 ± 31.13 | 70.38 ± 37.09 | 83.54 ± 36.58 | 75.54 ± 37.75 | ||||
RTD30–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 29.72 ± 21.95 | 21.70 ± 15.09 | 19.56 ± 8.46 | 23.95 ± 16.99 | F = 1.552¥ p = 0.214 η²p=0.044# | F = 0.860¥ p = 0.445 η²p=0.025# | F = 0.855 p = 0.362 η²p=0.025# |
MVAG | 26.27 ± 18.88 | 22.64 ± 10.02 | 23.52 ± 16.22 | 34.45 ± 34.32 | ||||
RTD30–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 24.64 ± 17.04 | 24.77 ± 18.74 | 26.27 ± 12.99 | 25.49 ± 15.21 | F = 1.814¥ p = 0.161 η²p=0.051# | F = 1.272¥ p = 0.288 η²p=0.036# | F = 2.978 p = 0.093 η²p=0.081* |
MVAG | 26.54 ± 17.43 | 35.86 ± 29.70 | 41.88 ± 38.69 | 40.63 ± 33.93 | ||||
RTD60–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 16.73 ± 13.82 | 28.97 ± 40.05 | 36.03 ± 29.61 | 27.74 ± 27.65 | F = 3.655¥ p = 0.034 η²p=0.097* | F = 0.396¥ p = 0.661 η²p=0.012# | F = 3.420 p = 0.073 η²p=0.091* |
MVAG | 30.53 ± 29.02 | 54.69 ± 71.03 | 68.36 ± 93.99 | 54.55 ± 67.43 | ||||
Flexion | Non-dominant Side | ||||||||
RTDPEAK (Nm/sec) | LAG a, b,c | 102.65 ± 25.33 | 151.66 ± 45.52 | 142.03 ± 31.57 | 143.27 ± 31.37 | F = 13.464 p < 0.001 η²p=0.284§ | F = 0.381 p = 0.767 η²p=0.011# | F = 2.491 p = 0.124 η²p=0.068* |
MVAG a, b,c | 124.95 ± 56.15 | 162.57 ± 48.89 | 169.81 ± 81.56 | 163.43 ± 54.86 | ||||
RTD0–30 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, c | 101.29 ± 27.98 | 140.10 ± 30.42 | 141.41 ± 31.84 | 137.24 ± 28.47 | F = 6.955¥ p = 0.002 η²p=0.170§ | F = 1.489¥ p = 0.233 η²p=0.042# | F = 1.726 p = 0.198 η²p=0.048# |
MVAG a, c | 124.96 ± 56.15 | 162.56 ± 48.89 | 132.72 ± 98.81 | 163.38 ± 54.91 | ||||
RTD0–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, c | 63.84 ± 11.74 | 80.46 ± 21.44 | 85.02 ± 23.68 | 82.34 ± 15.73 | F = 5.587¥ p = 0.008 η²p=0.141§ | F = 1.434¥ p = 0.246 η²p=0.040# | F = 0.825 p = 0.370 η²p=0.024# |
MVAG a, c | 74.73 ± 30.95 | 89.77 ± 26.44 | 78.95 ± 53.03 | 94.01 ± 28.11 | ||||
RTD0−80 (Nm/sec) | LAG a, c | 51.83 ± 8.16 | 71.68 ± 25.29 | 64.35 ± 31.10 | 69.15 ± 16.18 | F = 4.523¥ p = 0.016 η²p=0.117* | F = 0.228¥ p = 0.782 η²p=0.007 | F = 1.085 p = 0.305 η²p=0.031# |
MVAG c | 62.18 ± 29.19 | 74.52 ± 22.48 | 73.84 ± 50.59 | 76.07 ± 26.75 | ||||
RTD30–60 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 27.44 ± 13.99 | 21.58 ± 14.68 | 22.10 ± 14.76 | 24.77 ± 11.65 | F = 0.729 p = 0.537 η²p=0.021# | F = 0.349 p = 0.790 η²p=0.010# | F = 0.035 p = 0.852 η²p=0.001 |
MVAG | 25.37 ± 14.57 | 25.36 ± 11.64 | 22.65 ± 14.18 | 24.91 ± 17.74 | ||||
RTD30–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 22.88 ± 12.92 | 30.89 ± 31.01 | 27.49 ± 19.94 | 26.66 ± 17.59 | F = 2.071¥ p = 0.133 η²p=0.057# | F = 1.852¥ p = 0.164 η²p=0.052# | F = 0.899 p = 0.350 η²p=0.026# |
MVAG | 25.04 ± 16.18 | 25.35 ± 10.96 | 43.21 ± 45.70 | 35.11 ± 17.33 | ||||
RTD60–80 (Nm/sec) | LAG | 15.95 ± 17.04 | 44.45 ± 71.09 | 31.94 ± 34.09 | 29.30 ± 39.59 | F = 2.282¥ p = 0.115 η²p=0.063* | F = 1.925¥ p = 0.158 η²p=0.054# | F = 0.511 p = 0.480 η²p=0.015# |
MVAG | 24.25 ± 26.97 | 25.52 ± 17.53 | 63.85 ± 106.86 | 40.34 ± 35.88 | ||||
