Table 3 Comparison table, CS/GGA/Ns xerogel film with three commercial wound dressings.
Property | Types of wound dressings | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
CS/GGA/Ns xerogel Film | DuoDERM® (1) | Tegaderm™ CHG (2) | Aquacel® (3) | |
Material composition | CS, Gel, GA, N. sativa EX | Polyurethane foam + hydrocolloids (pectin, Gel, CMC) | Polyurethane film + chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) | Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) |
Antimicrobial activity | Broad-spectrum (N. sativa EX + CS disrupts microbial membranes) | None (occlusive barrier only) | CHG (antiseptic) | Silver ions (if Ag-coated) dependent bacterial trapping |
Antioxidant activity | High (DPPH scavenging: ~90%) | None | None | None |
Mechanical properties | Moderate tensile strength, flexible | Flexible, conformable | Thin, adhesive, flexible | Soft, conformable when hydrated |
Swelling capacity | pH-dependent (280–637% at pH 7.0) | Absorbs exudate, forms gel | Minimal (non-absorbent) | High (forms gel upon hydration) |
Adhesion to wound | Moderate (contact angle: ~73°) | Self-adhesive | Strong adhesion | Non-adhesive |
pH | Slightly acidic (pH 5.0 ± 0.09) | Neutral | Neutral | Neutral |
Key advantages | Dual antimicrobial, antioxidant, biocompatible | Promotes autolytic debridement, moist wound environment | Prevents infection at catheter sites | High exudate absorption |
Limitations | Lower tensile strength vs. commercial films | Not antimicrobial | Limited absorption capacity | Requires secondary dressing, costly |
Clinical applications | Infected wounds, diabetic ulcers, burns | Pressure ulcers, minor burns | IV site protection, surgical incisions | Chronic wounds, heavily exuding wounds |
