Table 10 Robustness to filtering attacks.

From: Robust zero-watermarking for color images using hybrid deep learning models and encryption

Attack name

Average filter

Median filter

Factor

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

Avion

PSNR

36.9519

34.3550

33.1878

PSNR

40.0758

37.1999

35.9914

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

42.5468

42.5266

42.5266

PSNR

40.6999

37.5362

35.8220

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Jelly

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

39.5067

35.7466

34.1959

PSNR

42.9774

38.1896

36.4463

NCC

0.9997

0.9995

0.9997

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

42.1588

42.1289

42.1288

PSNR

44.2677

39.5608

37.4058

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

0.9996

0.9996

0.9996

Baboon

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

30.5574

29.8525

29.5626

PSNR

31.3107

30.1915

29.8868

NCC

0.9991

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

0.9986

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

34.5939

34.5789

34.5789

PSNR

31.5090

30.4939

30.1315

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

0.9991

0.9991

1.0000

Sailboat

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

33.4433

32.2868

31.6239

PSNR

34.1446

32.9641

32.3433

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

38.8819

38.8646

38.8646

PSNR

35.2778

34.0086

33.1500

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Female

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

42.4316

37.8891

35.7977

PSNR

46.7506

41.7213

39.5946

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

35.4898

33.2502

31.4611

PSNR

47.7277

42.4023

39.7629

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Splash

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

39.1545

36.8348

35.6285

PSNR

41.5037

39.5480

38.3779

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

35.1670

33.4577

32.1496

PSNR

42.3717

40.3789

39.1574

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Porthead

Average Filter

Median Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

41.4144

36.7763

34.7859

PSNR

46.5120

40.1981

37.7902

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

Gaussian Filter

Wiener Filter

3 × 3

5 × 5

9 × 9

3 × 3

5 × 5

7 × 7

PSNR

45.6489

45.6319

45.6319

PSNR

46.0645

40.5581

38.1893

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

NCC

1.0000

1.0000

1.0000

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