Fig. 1

Multi-omics clustering and survival analysis of glioma patients. (A) Integrated multi-omics clustering reveals distinct molecular subtypes based on mRNA, lncRNA, miRNA expression, DNA methylation, and mutation status. (B) Clustering consistency was assessed across ten different methods, with the top annotation representing the final consensus subtypes. (C) Consensus heatmap showing clustering stability of glioma patients across three subtypes. Darker colors indicate higher consensus scores. (D) Kaplan–Meier survival curves comparing overall survival between the molecular subtypes identified by consensus clustering.