Table 1 High-level overview of modern approaches in multi-label sentiment classification.

From: A weighted difference loss approach for enhancing multi-label classification

Approach Category

Representative Methods / Key Papers

Core Strategy Keywords for Imbalance / Dependencies

Loss Function Modification

Focal Loss25, Asymmetric Loss (ASL)26, Label Distribution Learning (LDL)27, Label Correlation Losses28

Re-weighting, Decoupling, Distribution Learning, Direct Correlation Terms.

Explicit Dependency Modeling

CRFs29, Label Embeddings (LEAM30), Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) (Structure-based31, KG-enhanced32)

Graphical Models, Semantic Embeddings, Graph Propagation, Knowledge Infusion.

Advanced Representation

Contrastive Learning (Label-aware33), Prompt-based Learning (PLM/LLM Prompts34)

Discriminative Features, Text-Label Alignment, Task Reformulation, In-context Learning.