Table 1 Classification of recent research studies.

Ref	Energy management model	Market model	Investigate of operation of (·) in EH			Solver	Uncertainty model
Ref	Energy management model	Market model	CHP-based BU	CAES	HS	Solver	Uncertainty model
⁶	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	Robust optimization
⁷	One-layer	×	×	✓	×	LAM	SBSO
⁸	One-layer	×	✓	×	×	MA	UT method
⁹	One-layer	DA flexibility	✓	×	×	LAM
¹⁰	One-layer	DA energy	×	×	×	LAM
¹¹	Two-layer	DA and RT energy	×	×	×	LAM	Robust optimization
¹²	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	SBSO
¹³	One-layer	×	×	×	×	GA	SBSO
¹⁴	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	SBSO
¹⁵	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	SBSO
¹⁶	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	Robust optimization
¹⁷	One-layer	×	✓	×	×	MA	SBSO
¹⁸	One-layer	×	×	×	×	MA	SBSO
Current paper	Two-layer	DA and RT energy	✓	✓	✓	HEA	UT method

HEA hybrid evolutionary algorithm, HS hydrogen storage, LAM linear approximation model, MA mathematical approach, SBSO scenario-based stochastic optimization.

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