Table 3 Risk of events at different levels of post-index mean HbA1c in patients receiving high-hypoglycemic-risk drugs.

From: Glycemic levels and cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: A cohort study of drugs with different hypoglycemic potentials

Post-index HbA1c (%) during

follow-up, mean (SD)

Event number

Rate per 1,000 person-years

Crude HR (95% CI)

Adjusted HR (95% CI)*

All-cause mortality

    

Quintile 1: 6.0 (0.51)

37

12.26

3.41 (1.74–6.69)

2.12 (1.04–4.31)

Quintile 2: 6.8 (0.12)

6

1.95

0.54 (0.20–1.45)

0.49 (0.18–1.34)

Quintile 3: 7.2 (0.12)

11

3.61

1.0 [reference]

1.0 [reference]

Quintile 4: 7.7 (0.20)

9

3.27

0.92 (0.38–2.23)

1.23 (0.50–3.04)

Quintile 5: 9.4 (2.84)

15

6.95

2.04 (0.93–4.44)

2.28 (1.02–5.12)

MACEs

    

Quintile 1: 6.1 (0.63)

25

8.43

2.83 (1.32–6.06)

2.12 (0.98–4.61)

Quintile 2: 6.8 (0.12)

14

4.61

1.55 (0.67–3.58)

1.47 (0.63–3.41)

Quintile 3: 7.2 (0.15)

9

2.98

1.0 [reference]

1.0 [reference]

Quintile 4: 7.7 (0.22)

11

4.01

1.36 (0.56–3.29)

1.83 (0.75–4.47)

Quintile 5: 9.3 (2.33)

19

8.95

3.13 (1.42–6.94)

3.84 (1.72–8.56)

  1. CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; SD, standard deviation.
  2. *All-cause mortality events were adjusted for age at the index date, comorbidities (coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and hyperlipidemia), Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Index score, Diabetes Complications Severity Index score, Multimorbidity Frailty Index score, comedication (diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARB, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and alpha-blockers), laboratory data (HbA1c and LDL-C), and CKD stage. MACE events were adjusted for age at the index date, sex, comorbidities (coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease), Charlson–Deyo Comorbidity Index score, Diabetes Complications Severity Index score, Multimorbidity Frailty Index score, comedication (diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, aspirin, and P2Y12 inhibitors), and CKD stage.
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