Table 3 Comparison of different models on the highway traffic flow dataset.

Methods	PEMS04			PEMS07			PEMS08
Methods	MAE	RMSE	MAPE	MAE	RMSE	MAPE	MAE	RMSE	MAPE
LSTM	26.91	42.90	17.60	30.24	48.67	12.56	21.49	33.87	13.09
DCRNN	23.70	36.70	15.54	24.94	37.71	10.89	18.35	27.87	11.97
GWN	20.11	31.79	14.14	22.24	35.10	9.70	14.89	23.64	9.62
AGCRN	19.76	32.61	12.95	20.92	34.73	8.82	16.31	25.88	10.29
ASTGCN	21.25	33.65	13.93	24.53	38.12	10.55	18.27	28.43	11.05
STGCN	24.58	38.28	16.79	29.34	45.74	13.42	19.52	29.91	12.87
ASTGNN	18.32	31.00	12.29	19.23	32.79	8.43	12.96	22.83	8,85
STWave	18.50	30.39	12.43	19.94	33.88	8.38	13.42	23.40	8.90
ST-ABC	19.61	30.76	13.58	21.88	34.19	9.55	14.97	23.77	10.29
ASTTN	18.51	30.20	12.21	20.05	32.94	7.94	15.07	24.10	8.60
TSGDC	18.80	31.08	12.67	19.96	33.25	8.54	14.12	23.39	9.63
PDFormer	18.32	29.97	12.10	19.83	32.87	8.53	13.58	23.51	9.05
IEEAformer	18.22	30.31	11.99	19.11	32.60	8.01	13.49	23.20	8.89
TSTGNN	19.06	30.52	12.72	20.40	33.83	8.72	15.69	24.72	9.86
TDMGCN	18.18	30.32	12.02	18.66	32.01	7.92	12.86	22.73	8.94

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