Table 11 Comparison between estimated and measured voltage at the best solution.

From: An efficient approach for mathematical modeling and parameter estimation of PEM fuel based on Young’s double-slit experiment algorithm

Measured

YDSE

SCA

MFO

GWO

HHO

ChOA

 

Estimated

     

61.64

62.29742394

62.25162295

62.29753197

62.29939819

62.29345683

62.30052911

59.57

59.75408062

59.70851329

59.75417766

59.7560034

59.75023554

59.7575433

58.94

59.03017903

58.98473005

59.03027066

59.03207603

59.02639569

59.03382263

57.54

57.49137613

57.4462885

57.49145186

57.49319563

57.48778106

57.49557141

56.8

56.71797351

56.67313218

56.71803894

56.71974121

56.71450657

56.72254426

56.13

56.04841883

56.00382832

56.04847421

56.05013461

56.0450822

56.05337145

55.23

55.16504907

55.12084357

55.16508987

55.16668676

55.16191216

55.17058698

54.66

54.63015744

54.58621471

54.63018885

54.63174292

54.62715662

54.63609421

53.61

53.64472282

53.60132108

53.64473632

53.64620349

53.64200164

53.65147923

52.86

52.95645911

52.91347737

52.95645995

52.9578608

52.95395455

52.9638505

51.91

51.45211091

51.41016117

51.4520851

51.45332703

51.45013694

51.46105777

51.22

51.03933475

50.99769432

51.03930213

51.04049748

51.03751936

51.04874656

49.66

49.42877306

49.38844219

49.42871718

49.42972044

49.42762696

49.44014735

49

48.63647848

48.59685043

48.63641363

48.63731698

48.63569024

48.64890224

48.15

48.03951666

48.00044345

48.03944635

48.04027229

48.03901032

48.05276718

47.52

47.64433926

47.60564534

47.644266

47.64503975

47.64402531

47.6581541

47.1

47.05472508

47.01661497

47.05464849

47.05534298

47.05470683

47.06940726

46.48

46.25839056

46.2211036

46.25831165

46.25889656

46.25878832

46.27429308

45.66

45.45459214

45.4181776

45.45451363

45.454985

45.45542973

45.47178499

44.85

44.84079269

44.80507361

44.8407165

44.84109916

44.84198014

44.85901199

44.24

44.01793737

43.98319238

44.01786721

44.01812814

44.01961378

44.03759137

42.45

42.97417151

42.94073583

42.97411422

42.97421587

42.97650334

42.99574883

41.66

42.11693576

42.08464271

42.11689382

42.1168602

42.11983801

42.14018713

40.68

41.01379537

40.98307283

41.01378022

41.01356583

41.01747948

41.03934155

40.09

40.34403355

40.31432609

40.34403892

40.34371061

40.34822179

40.37105952

39.51

39.65121094

39.6226086

39.65124129

39.65079134

39.65594703

39.67984513

38.73

38.71237673

38.68537305

38.71244765

38.71182577

38.71790363

38.74333258

38.15

37.99604526

37.97035114

37.99615299

37.99539352

38.00221861

38.02889908

37.38

37.00846319

36.98472563

37.00863129

37.00767112

37.01560033

37.04414694