Table 8 Decision variables based on GWO method over 30 independent runs.

From: An efficient approach for mathematical modeling and parameter estimation of PEM fuel based on Young’s double-slit experiment algorithm

\(\delta _1\) (V)

\(\delta _2\) (\(\mathrm{V/}^\circ\)C)

\(\delta _3\) (V)

\(\delta _4\) (V)

\(\gamma\) (\(\text {A/cm}^{2}\))

B (V)

− 1.116347325

0.003865572

8.55E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.04926075

0.00267454

− 0.938400326

0.003280065

8.13E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001833092

− 1.113140307

0.003812094

8.25E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.000495061

− 0.861847344

0.003041347

8.05E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001885024

− 1.159663054

0.004049875

8.95E−05

− 9.54E−05

15.24441693

3.14E−02

− 1.096627865

0.003916427

9.32E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.04314442

0.002478021

− 1.08328085

0.003788187

8.70E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.00115635

− 1.179599448

0.004221879

9.74E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.10906402

0.003703667

− 1.100072708

0.00361715

7.15E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

9.44E−04

− 0.966835244

0.003247291

7.31E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.002016739

− 0.85434492

0.002789196

6.43E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.00640103

1.95E−03

− 0.879703623

0.003253387

9.17E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001706311

− 0.883353247

0.002508502

3.89E−05

− 9.54E−05

19.13000584

0.062666716

− 0.898518127

0.003385219

9.72E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

1.36E−04

− 0.930029721

0.003075982

6.87E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.07076218

3.20E−03

− 0.914214206

0.003445571

9.80E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001547054

− 1.197905999

0.004157289

8.90E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

1.82E−03

− 1.112867684

0.003983911

9.45E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.08821474

0.003287913

− 0.916076701

0.003434604

9.68E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001782101

− 1.197419487

0.003733976

5.95E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001066654

− 1.143969432

0.00384937

7.86E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.00459471

0.001961997

− 0.96122377

0.00338442

8.39E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001991617

− 1.19978

0.003745237

5.97E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.02556345

0.002272095

− 1.113866604

0.003994966

9.51E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.07723301

0.003209767

− 1.071388032

0.003826693

9.21E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.03781979

0.002640621

− 1.108119896

0.003283754

4.63E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.00198143

0.002219703

− 1.181052368

0.003847348

7.08E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.07625427

0.003052552

− 1.196325286

0.003993588

7.79E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.08927704

0.003395161

− 1.19978

0.004290361

9.80E−05

− 9.54E−05

13

0.001788964

− 1.19978

0.004253055

9.54E−05

− 9.54E−05

13.73912177

0.013015262

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