Table 2 Temporal analysis of the five times sit-to-stand test (seconds).

From: Lower extremity muscle activation patterns in sarcopenic older adults during physical performance tests: implications for rehabilitation approaches

 

SAR

HEA

Z

p

ES

Total time

15.96 (2.22)

9.93 (1.99)

-5.856

< 0.001

0.845

Average repetition time

3.19 (0.44)

1.99 (0.40)

-5.856

< 0.001

0.845

Average forward time

0.53 (0.10)

0.34 (0.15)

-4.186

< 0.001

0.604

Average upward time

0.85 (0.23)

0.49 (0.12)

-5.485

< 0.001

0.792

Average downward time

1.21 (0.21)

0.79 (0.14)

-5.505

< 0.001

0.795

Average backward time

0.61 (0.14)

0.37 (0.12)

-4.763

< 0.001

0.687

  1. Significant values are in [bold].
  2. Note: Mann-Whitney U test was performed for between-group comparisons. Values are presented as Mean (SD). Effect size is presented as \(\:\left|r\right|\), calculated as \(\:\left|Z\right|/\sqrt{N}\). ES = effect size; HEA = healthy older adults; SAR = sarcopenic patients.
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