Fig. 8

Lotka-Volterra model: a comparison of the reference model and recovered models using data collected at constant time stepsize. (a) Phase portraits, (b) coefficient matrices for \(m\in \{ 801, 101, 51, 31 \}\). Compared to Conv-SINDy and RK4-SINDy, IRK-SINDy produces a sufficiently sparse, interpretable and generalizable model.