Table 4 Characteristics of the study participants by received adequate ANC at public hospitals of Afar regional state, Northeast ethiopia, 2024 (n = 682).
Characteristics | Category | Received adequate ANC | \(\:{\varvec{X}}^{2}\)(df) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes: n (%) | No: n (%) | ||||
Age (years) | 14–24 | 107 (36.5) | 186 (63.5) | 9.76 (2) | 0.008 |
25–34 | 6 (13.3) | 39 (86.7) | |||
35–49 | 124 (36.1) | 220 (63.9) | |||
Marital status | Not-married (single/widowed/divorced) | 39 (25.5) | 114 (74.5) | 7.46 (1) | 0.006 |
Married | 198 (37.4) | 331 (62.6) | |||
Educational status | No formal education | 69 (26.0) | 196 (74.0) | 14.71 (2) | 0.001 |
Primary education | 99 (39.4) | 152 (60.6) | |||
Secondary and above | 69 (41.6) | 97 (58.4) | |||
Employment status | Not employed | 52 (26.8) | 142 (73.2) | 23.37 (2) | < 0.001 |
Employed | 57 (54.3) | 48 (45.7) | |||
Housewife | 128 (33.4) | 255 (66.6) | |||
Gender of HH | Male | 176 (30.6) | 400 (69.4) | 28.76 (1) | < 0.001 |
Female | 61 (57.5) | 45 (42.5) | |||
Mass-media exposure | Almost daily exposure | 112 (46.7) | 128 (53.3) | 23.19 ( (1) | < 0.001 |
Infrequent/not at all | 125 (28.3) | 317 (71.7) | |||
Involvement in decision making | Not involved at all | 139 (27.4) | 368 (72.6) | 46.88 (1) | < 0.001 |
Partially involved | 98 (56.0) | 77 (44.0) | |||
Wealth index | Lower (poorest/poorer) | 58 (21.3) | 215 (78.7) | 63.65 (2) | < 0.001 |
Medium | 46 (28.6) | 115 (71.4) | |||
Higher (richer/richest) | 133 (53.6) | 115 (46.4) | |||
Parity | Primiparous | 69 (46.3) | 80 (53.7) | 11.23 (1) | 0.001 |
Multiparous | 168 (31.5) | 365 (68.5) | |||
Gravidity | Primigravida | 54 (47.8) | 59 (52.2) | 10.15 (1) | 0.001 |
Multigravida | 183 (32.2) | 386 (67.8) | |||
Pregnancy intention | Unintended | 27 (22.9) | 91 (71.1) | 8.87 (1) | 0.003 |
Intended | 210 (37.2) | 354 (62.8) | |||
Birth order | 1 | 69 (47.9) | 75 (52.1) | 26.23 (2) | < 0.001 |
2–4 | 98 (38.9) | 154 (61.1) | |||
≥ 5 | 70 (24.5) | 216 (75.5) | |||
Perception of ANC importance | Not important | 3 (20.0) | 12 (80.0) | 2.47 (2) | 0.290 |
Somehow important | 38 (39.6) | 58 (60.4) | |||
Very important | 196 (34.3) | 375 (65.7) | |||
Awareness about the starting time of ANC visit | Poor | 25 (9.9) | 228 (90.1) | 109.71 (1) | < 0.001 |
Good | 212 (49.4) | 217 (50.6) | |||
Awareness about danger signs of pregnancy | Poor | 6 (6.0) | 94 (94.0) | 42.72 (1) | < 0.001 |
Good | 231 (39.7) | 351 (60.3) | |||
Awareness about the frequency of recommended ANC visit | Poor | 50 (24.6) | 153 (75.4) | 13.06 (1) | < 0.001 |
Good | 187 (39.0) | 292 (61.0) | |||
Rate of the maximum waiting time | Short | 23 (36.5) | 40 (63.5) | 0.13 (2) | 0.936 |
Moderate | 137 (34.3) | 262 (65.7) | |||
Long | 77 (35.2) | 142 (64.8) | |||
ANC provider | Doctor/health officer | 95 (40.3) | 141 (59.7) | 6.14 (2) | 0.046 |
Nurse or midwife | 128 (32.8) | 262 (67.2) | |||
Health extension worker | 14 (25.0) | 42 (75.0) | |||
