Table 2 The clinical characteristics of AE in pre- and post- COVID-19 epidemic.
From: The characteristic change of autoimmune encephalitis after the COVID-19 epidemic in Guangxi, China
Item | Pre-COVID-19 | Post-COVID-19 | Effect values | P values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AE (n = 169) | 78 | 91 | ||
AE symptoms | ||||
Fever, n (%) | 34 (43.58) | 46 (50.55) | − 0.069 | 0.366 |
Seizures, n (%) | 31 (39.74) | 50 (54.95) | − 0.152 | 0.049* |
Psychiatric disturbance, n (%) | 48 (51.28) | 49 (53.84) | 0.078 | 0.313 |
Disturbance of consciousness, n (%) | 32 (41.03) | 33 (36.26) | 0.049 | 0.526 |
Abnormal movements, n (%) | 28 (35.90) | 50 (54.95) | − 0.190 | 0.013* |
Autonomic dysfunction, n (%) | 16 (20.51) | 38 (41.76) | − 0.277 | 0.003* |
Type of encephalitis | − 0.019 | 0.803 | ||
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, n (%) | 26 (33.33) | 32 (35.16) | – | – |
Other AE, n (%) | 52 (66.67) | 59 (64.84) | – | − |
CASE score, median (IQR) | 5 (3, 9) | 8 (4, 11) | 0.182 | 0.041* |
Associated tumor, n (%) | 5 (6.41) | 4 (4.96) | 0.045 | 0.561 |
Complicated by pneumonia, n (%) | 19 (24.36) | 37 (40.66) | − 0.173 | 0.025* |
Complicated by immune diseases, n (%) | 7 (8.97) | 21 (23.08) | − 0.189 | 0.014* |
Antibiotic use, n (%) | 24 (30.77) | 42 (46.15) | − 0.157 | 0.041* |
ICU admission, n (%) | 9 (11.54) | 14 (15.38) | − 0.56 | 0.467 |
ICU stays(d), median (IQR) | 18 (5.25, 25) | 11.5 (5, 18.25) | 0.153 | 0.326 |
Use ventilator, n (%) | 7 (8.97) | 8 (8.79) | 0.01 | 0.985 |
Abnormal EEG, n (%), | 55 (67.95) | 74 (81.3) | − 0.127 | 0.099 |
Slow activity, n (%) | 22 (28.21) | 24 (26.37) | 0.021 | 0.790 |
Epileptic discharges, n (%) | 10 (12.82) | 26 (28.57) | − 0.192 | 0.013* |
Abnormal MRI, n (%), (miss = 3) | 54 (71.05) | 62 (68.89) | 0.023 | 0.762 |
CSF | ||||
Pleocytosis, n (%) | 45 (57.69) | 51 (56.04) | 0.017 | 0.829 |
Elevated CSF IgG, n (%) | 40 (51.28) | 46 (50.55) | 0.007 | 0.924 |
Elevated opening pressure, n (%) | 11 (14.10) | 22 (24.18) | − 0.127 | 0.100 |
Elevated CSF protein levels (> 450 mg/L) (n, %) | 33 (42.31) | 40 (43.96) | − 0.017 | 0.829 |
Treatment | ||||
First-line immunotherapy, n (%) | ||||
Steroids (n, %) | 75 (96.15) | 88 (96.70) | − 0.150 | 0.847 |
IVIG (n, %) | 50 (64.10) | 44 (48.35) | − 0.158 | 0.040* |
PE (n, %) | 5 (6.41) | 7 (7.69) | − 0.025 | 0.746 |
Second-line immunotherapy, n (%) | ||||
Rituximab (n, %) | 5 (6.41) | 15 (16.48) | − 0.155 | 0.043* |
Cyclophosphamide, n (%) | 7 (8.97) | 5 (5.49) | 0.068 | 0.380 |
Other immunotherapy | ||||
MMF, n (%) | 16 (20.51) | 9 (9.89) | 0.149 | 0.052 |
AZA (n, %) | 5 (6.41) | 5 (5.49) | 0.019 | 0.801 |
Mortality, n (%) | 2 (2.56) | 5 (5.49) | − 0.073 | 0.341 |
Baseline mRS, median (IQR) | 3 (2, 4) | 3 (2, 4) | 0.055 | 0.524 |
mRS on Discharge, median (IQR) | 3 (2, 4) | 2 (1, 3) | − 0.065 | 0.457 |
mRS at follow up, median (IQR) | 1 (0, 1) | 1 (0, 1) | − 0.117 | 0.162 |
Relapse at follow up (n, %) | 4 (5.13) | 9 (9.89) | − 0.089 | 0.247 |
