Table 1 Annotated Metabolites from GC–MS analysis showing significant difference between CO₂ and electrically stunned animals.

From: CO₂ and electrical stunning differentially affect energy metabolism in pigs

Metabolite class	Signal-ID profiling	Annotation	Anderson–darling	ANOVA	Wilcoxon test	% amount CO₂ stunning to electrical stunning (= 100%)
Glycolysis	A1048	Disaccharide	0.7110	0.0061	0.0087	107.7
	A0919	Glucose	0.9020	< 0.0001	0.0002	116.9
	A1060	Hexosephosphate	0.0180	0.0078	0.0306	146.9
	A0810	GA3P	0.0030	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	378.6
Pentose-Phosphate-Pathway	A0952	Gluconic acid	0.0250	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	200.3
	A0734	Pentose 1	0.2310	0.0208	0.0238	110.7
	A0743	Pentose 2	0.9110	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	145.4
	A0811	Ribonic acid	< 0.0001	0.0001	0.0003	320.1
Other sugars and derivatives	A0805	2-Desoxy-pentose	0.0020	0.0014	0.0007	173.9
	A0814	1,5-Anhydrohexitol 1	0.0020	0.0201	0.0535	125.1
	A0873	1,5-Anhydrohexitol 2	0.2330	0.0337	0.0306	120.1
	A0899	sugar derivative	0.3140	0.0028	0.0059	139.1
	A0907	Inositol	0.6000	0.0312	0.0721	130.8
	A0941	sugar derivative	0.2410	0.0326	0.0153	81.0
	A0948	sugar derivative	0.6070	0.0001	0.0003	129.7
	A0955	sugar derivative	0.1250	< 0.0001	0.0002	135.6
	A0962	Hexose	0.0950	0.0011	0.0012	160.5
	A0982	Methyl galactoside	0.5130	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	136.2
	A1000	Hexose	< 0.0001	0.001	< 0.0001	168.4
	A0273	Aceton	< 0.0001	0.02	0.0259	512.3
TCA cylce	quantitative analysis	Citrate	0.0132	0.0053	0.0116	75.82
		Aconitate	0.0292	0.0009	0.0031	71.86
		Succinate	0.2428	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	180.60
		Fumarate	0.1628	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	133.56
		Malate	0.0376	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	139.16
Small organic acids	A0080	2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate	0.6120	0.0394	0.0391	122.2
Small organic acids	A0405	Glutarate	0.5130	0.0191	0.0259	113.3
Amino acids and derivatives	A0008	Alanine	0.0010	0.0078	0.0282	69.5
	A0051	Sarcosine	0.4840	0.0028	0.0043	144.9
	A0181	Serine	0.1600	0.0048	0.0053	177.4
	A0202	Ethanolamine	0.9920	0.0078	0.0018	117.9
	A0280	Cysteamine	0.6670	< 0.0001	0.0002	130.2
	A0434	Aspartic acid	0.2190	0.0385	0.0391	119.2
	A0502	Aminomalonate	< 0. 0001	0.0158	0.02	117.6
	A0613	Creatinine	0.2010	0.0372	0.0361	131.2
	A0622	Cysteine	0.0020	0.0006	0.0004	117.3
	A0702	2-Aminoadipic acid	0.0110	0.0376	0.0424	73.3
	A0813	Glutamine	0.7640	0.0186	0.0238	119.9
	A0820	O-Phosphorylethanolamine	0.1160	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	132.6
Lipid metabolism	A0199	Octanoic acid	< 0.0001	0.0379	0.1511	80.8
	A0328	Nonanoic acid	0.6900	0.0365	0.0361	86.7
	A0482	Decanoic acid	< 0.0001	0.0063	0.0105	72.1
	A0720	Dodecanoic acid	0.2730	0.0323	0.0496	81.8
	A0991	Octadecan	0.1560	0.0409	0.0306	111.9
	A1087	1-Monopalmitin	0.9430	0.0006	0.0014	138.1
	A1092	1-Monolinolein	< 0. 0001	0.004	0.0361	164.5
	A1093	2-Oleoylglycerol	0.7410	0.0053	0.0053	177.4
	A1099	Fatty acid amide	< 0.0001	0.0042	0.0039	55.1
Nucleotide metabolism	A0294	Uracil	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	778.4
	A0554	6-Azathymine	0.9640	0.0909	0.0458	113.2
	A0836	Hypoxanthine	0.0110	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	256.3
	A1086	Inosine	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	1781.3
	A1105	2-Hydroxypyrimidine	0.8600	0.0593	0.0218	139.6

The values in the last column represent the relative molecular abundance in CO₂-stunned animals, expressed as a percentage in relation to electrically stunned animals (set to 100%). Values greater than 100% indicate an increase in metabolite levels under CO₂ stunning. Significant differences were calculated using ANOVA (for parametric data) and the Wilcoxon test (for non-parametric data).

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Table 1 Annotated Metabolites from GC–MS analysis showing significant difference between CO₂ and electrically stunned animals.

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