Table 2 Description of the agent used in the experiment.

From: Deep deterministic policy gradient-based automatic negotiation framework for shared decision-making

Agent

Description

AutoSDM-DDPG

This framework proposed in the paper implements both the acceptance strategies and bidding strategies using the DDPG algorithm

ANFGA

An agent-based SDM negotiation framework implemented using genetic algorithms42 through opponent preference prediction significantly improves negotiation performance in incomplete information environments. The framework employs three negotiation strategies, with the win-win negotiation strategy used in this experiment

FCAN

The fuzzy constraint-directed agent-based negotiation model for SDM39. It uses the same negotiation strategy as ANFGA but does not consider opponent preference prediction

ANF-TIME

The negotiation model based on time strategies23 is modified to use fuzzy constraints to construct the negotiation domain knowledge for better comparison with this framework