Table 2 Average annual percent changes (AAPCs, %) with 95% CIs from 1990 to 2021 in ASIR, ASPR, ASMR, and ASDR for substance use disorders, alcohol use disorders, and drug use disorders, stratified by sex and age group.

From: Global burden of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021

Age group (years)

Sex group

ASIR

ASPR

ASMR

ASDR

Substance use disorders

10–24

Both*

 − 0.70

(− 0.71 to − 0.69)

 − 0.71

(− 0.72 to − 0.70)

0.83

(0.52 to 1.23)

 − 0.60

(− 0.63 to − 0.56)

 

Male

 − 0.77

(− 0.78 to − 0.76)

 − 0.75

(− 0.77 to − 0.73)

1.11

(0.80 to 1.50)

 − 0.59

(− 0.62 to − 0.56)

 

Female

 − 0.59

(− 0.60 to − 0.58)

 − 0.67

(− 0.68 to − 0.66)

 − 0.47

(− 1.09 to 0.14)

 − 0.64

(− 0.68 to − 0.61)

10–14

Both

 − 0.47

(− 0.49 to − 0.45)

 − 0.43

(− 0.45 to − 0.42)

 − 7.64

(− 9.71 to − 5.04)

 − 0.66

(− 0.69 to − 0.62)

 

Male

 − 0.50

(− 0.53 to − 0.47)

 − 0.47

(− 0.49 to − 0.45)

 − 6.43

(− 8.23 to − 4.44)

 − 0.66

(− 0.68 to − 0.63)

 

Female

 − 0.43

(− 0.44 to − 0.42)

 − 0.38

(− 0.39 to − 0.37)

 − 9.63

(− 11.29 to − 7.97)

 − 0.66

(− 0.72 to − 0.60)

15–19

Both

 − 0.65

(− 0.66 to − 0.64)

 − 0.59

(− 0.61 to − 0.57)

 − 1.91

(− 2.00 to − 1.81)

 − 0.85

(− 0.88 to − 0.81)

 

Male

 − 0.72

(− 0.73 to − 0.70)

 − 0.63

(− 0.66 to − 0.60)

 − 1.60

(− 1.66 to − 1.53)

 − 0.81

(− 0.84 to − 0.77)

 

Female

 − 0.55

(− 0.56 to − 0.55)

 − 0.54

(− 0.55 to − 0.54)

 − 2.50

(− 2.60 to − 2.41)

 − 0.96

(− 1.00 to − 0.91)

20–24

Both

 − 0.78

(− 0.79 to − 0.77)

 − 0.78

(− 0.79 to − 0.76)

 − 0.41

(− 0.53 to − 0.29)

 − 0.50

(− 0.53 to − 0.46)

 

Male

 − 0.85

(− 0.86 to − 0.84)

 − 0.81

(− 0.82 to − 0.80)

 − 0.24

(− 0.33 to − 0.15)

 − 0.51

(− 0.54 to − 0.48)

 

Female

 − 0.64

(− 0.65 to − 0.63)

 − 0.73

(− 0.74 to − 0.72)

 − 0.98

(− 1.10 to − 0.87)

 − 0.53

(− 0.55 to − 0.50)

Alcohol use disorders

10–24

Both

 − 0.87

(− 0.89 to − 0.85)

 − 0.95

(− 0.98 to − 0.93)

 − 0.20

(− 0.60 to 0.21)

 − 1.09

(− 1.11 to − 1.07)

 

Male

 − 0.96

(− 0.98 to − 0.95)

 − 1.05

(− 1.07 to − 1.03)

0.01

(− 0.39 to 0.42)

 − 1.15

(− 1.18 to − 1.12)

 

Female

 − 0.68

(− 0.69 to − 0.66)

 − 0.75

(− 0.77 to − 0.73)

 − 1.94

(− 2.64 to − 1.14)

 − 0.97

(− 0.99 to − 0.95)

10–14

Both

 − 0.47

(− 0.50 to − 0.44)

 − 0.39

(− 0.41 to − 0.37)

 − 7.64

(− 9.71 to − 5.04)

 − 0.76

(− 0.82 to − 0.71)

 

Male

 − 0.51

(− 0.53 to − 0.48)

 − 0.44

(− 0.46 to − 0.42)

 − 6.43

(− 8.23 to − 4.44)

 − 0.73

(− 0.78 to − 0.68)

 

Female

 − 0.42

(− 0.45 to − 0.39)

 − 0.32

(− 0.35 to − 0.29)

 − 9.63

(− 11.29 to − 7.97)

 − 0.75

(− 0.83 to − 0.67)

15–19

Both

 − 0.87

(− 0.88 to − 0.85)

 − 0.84

(− 0.86 to − 0.83)

 − 2.50

(− 2.58 to − 2.41)

 − 1.11

(− 1.14 to − 1.09)

 

Male

 − 0.96

(− 0.98 to − 0.95)

 − 0.93

(− 0.95 to − 0.91)

 − 2.15

(− 2.23 to − 2.06)

 − 1.16

(− 1.18 to − 1.13)

 

Female

 − 0.67

(− 0.68 to − 0.65)

 − 0.67

(− 0.68 to − 0.66)

 − 3.82

(− 3.90 to − 3.73)

 − 1.06

(− 1.08 to − 1.04)

20–24

Both

 − 0.91

(− 0.92 to − 0.89)

 − 1.02

(− 1.06 to − 0.98)

 − 1.48

(− 1.63 to − 1.32)

 − 1.08

(− 1.10 to − 1.06)

 

Male

 − 0.99

(− 1.01 to − 0.97)

 − 1.12

(− 1.15 to − 1.09)

 − 1.36

(− 1.50 to − 1.22)

 − 1.15

(− 1.18 to − 1.12)

 

Female

 − 0.72

(− 0.74 to − 0.70)

 − 0.80

(− 0.84 to − 0.78)

 − 2.25

(− 2.41 to − 2.09)

 − 0.93

(− 0.95 to − 0.92)

Drug use disorders

10–24

Both

 − 0.43

(− 0.46 to − 0.41)

 − 0.53

(− 0.55 to − 0.51)

 − 0.59

(− 0.70 to − 0.47)

 − 0.34

(− 0.39 to − 0.29)

 

Male

 − 0.39

(− 0.44 to − 0.35)

 − 0.48

(− 0.53 to − 0.44)

 − 0.23

(− 0.33 to − 0.14)

 − 0.18

(− 0.23 to − 0.14)

 

Female

 − 0.50

(− 0.51 to − 0.49)

 − 0.62

(− 0.64 to − 0.61)

 − 1.32

(− 1.42 to − 1.20)

 − 0.58

(− 0.62 to − 0.54)

10–14

Both

 − 0.46

(− 0.50 to − 0.43)

 − 0.48

(− 0.52 to − 0.44)

NA

 − 0.42

(− 0.46 to − 0.39)

 

Male

 − 0.52

(− 0.59 to − 0.48)

 − 0.53

(− 0.60 to − 0.49)

NA

 − 0.41

(− 0.42 to − 0.39)

 

Female

 − 0.43

(− 0.45 to − 0.42)

 − 0.44

(− 0.45 to − 0.42)

NA

 − 0.48

(− 0.54 to − 0.44)

15–19

Both

 − 0.40

(− 0.43 to − 0.38)

 − 0.45

(− 0.49 to − 0.43)

 − 1.73

(− 1.81 to − 1.66)

 − 0.72

(− 0.78 to − 0.67)

 

Male

 − 0.38

(− 0.43 to − 0.34)

 − 0.43

(− 0.48 to − 0.39)

 − 1.36

(− 1.42 to − 1.29)

 − 0.55

(− 0.62 to − 0.49)

 

Female

 − 0.46

(− 0.46 to − 0.45)

 − 0.49

(− 0.50 to − 0.48)

 − 2.39

(− 2.50 to − 2.28)

 − 0.92

(− 0.97 to − 0.87)

20–24

Both

 − 0.45

(− 0.47 to − 0.44)

 − 0.57

(− 0.59 to − 0.55)

 − 0.08

(− 0.20 to 0.05)

 − 0.20

(− 0.25 to − 0.16)

 

Male

 − 0.38

(− 0.41 to − 0.36)

 − 0.50

(− 0.54 to − 0.47)

0.15

(0.05 to 0.26)

 − 0.05

(− 0.08 to 0)

 

Female

 − 0.56

(− 0.57 to − 0.54)

 − 0.69

(− 0.72 to − 0.67)

 − 0.80

(− 0.93 to − 0.69)

 − 0.39

(− 0.43 to − 0.36)

  1. *Both = Both sexes combined.
  2. AAPCs, average annual percent changes; CIs, confidence intervals; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASPR, age-standardized prevalence rate; ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR, age-standardized rate of DALYs; DALYs, disability-adjusted life-years; NA, not available.
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