Table 1 Calculated HOMO energy (EHOMO/eV), LUMO energy (ELUMO /eV), fermi level (EF), energy gap (Eg/eV), change of energy gap (ΔEg/%), binding energy (Ebin/eV), and interaction distance (D/Å) for Mg12O12 fullerene-like cage interacting with PCA in the various phases.

From: Theoretical investigation of penicillamine adsorption on mg12o12 fullerene-like cages considering solvent effects, electronic properties, and potential biomedical applications

Property

Ebin/eV

D/Å

DM/Debye

EHOMO/eV

ELUMO /eV

Eg/eV

ΔEg/%

EF/eV

Water

 PCA

3.542

− 8.31

+ 0.76

9.07

− 3.78

 Mg12O12

0.00

− 7.94

− 0.30

7.64

− 4.12

 A

− 0.857

2.184

4.142

− 7.81

− 0.29

7.52

1.57

− 4.05

 B

− 0.602

1.829

3.282

− 7.91

− 0.30

7.61

0.39

− 4.10

 C

− 2.250

1.997

11.382

− 7.36

− 0.43

6.93

9.29

− 3.90

 D

− 2.232

2.002

9.922

− 7.31

− 0.47

6.84

10.47

− 3.89

Chloroform

 PCA

3.227

− 8.29

0.78

9.07

− 3.76

 Mg12O12

0.00

− 8.04

− 0.43

7.61

− 4.24

 A

− 1.157

2.240

5.753

− 7.75

− 0.29

7.46

1.97

− 4.02

 B

− 0.683

1.871

2.970

− 7.97

− 0.40

7.57

0.53

− 4.19

 C

− 2.204

1.991

9.097

− 7.23

− 0.53

6.70

11.96

− 3.88

 D

− 2.191

1.996

8.035

− 7.19

− 0.58

6.61

13.14

− 3.89

Water

 S-ZW-PCA

11.99

− 8.51

0.86

9.37

− 3.83

 O-ZW-PCA

10.14

− 6.90

0.57

7.47

− 3.17

 E

 

2.022

5.360

− 7.88

− 0.26

7.62

0.262

− 4.07

 F

− 1.149

2.026

12.54

− 7.81

− 0.25

7.56

1.05

− 4.03

 G

− 0.856

2.559

12.48

− 7.33

− 0.28

7.05

7.72

− 3.81